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WHAT IF? If the following
which compound would be oxidized? Reduced?
c4h6o5 + nAD+ S c4h4o5 + nADh + h+
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- Q36. The picture below shows a preparation of isolated thylakoid membranes suspended in a buffer at pH 8. The preparation is in complete darkness. Which of the following is required in order for the thylakoids to generate ATP? A. Addition of ADP and phosphate to the buffer. B. Incubation in the light plus ADP and phosphate. C. Incubation in the light plus addition of ADP, phosphate and NADP+. D. Isolated thylakoid membranes are not able to synthesize ATP.A violation of the First Law? The complete combustion of glucose to CO 2 and H 2 O yields 30 ATP, as shown in Table 18.4 . However, the synthesis of glucose requires only 18 ATP. How is it possible that glucose synthesis from CO 2 and H 2 O requires only 18 ATP , but combustion to CO 2 and H 2 O yields 30 ATP? Is it a violation of the First Law of Thermodynamics , or perhaps a miracle?Q13: Pick 1 out of all the options for each blank. In reaction A, the stability of the substrate is (equal to, less than or greater than) the stability of the product. The free energy change, TRAINGLE G, of the reaction is (positive, zero or negative), so the reaction is considered (endergonic or exergonic) and (spontaneous, not spontaneous or at equilibrium). In reaction B, the stability of the substrate is (equal to, greater than or less than) the stability of the product. The free energy change, TRIANGLE G, of the reaction is (negative, positive or zero), so the reaction is considered (exergonic or endergonic) and (spontaneous, at equilibrium or not spontaneous).
- WHAT IF? In the absence of O2, as in question 1, whatdo you think would happen if you decreased the pH ofthe intermembrane space of the mitochondrion? Explainyour answerWHAT IF? Mitochondrial genes are critical to the energymetabolism of cells, but mitochondrial disorders caused bymutations in these genes are generally not lethal. Why not?Need help Which of the following statements is most correct? Explain A. NAD/NADH are involved in catabolic reactions. B. In plants the major source of NADH is from ferredoxin formed from the high energy electrons generated by Photosystem II. C. Large molecules are built using catabolic reactions. D. NADP is not found in animal cells.
- 10How many moles of oxygen are consumed for the complete oxidation of one mole of the fatty acid 16:1 to carbon dioxide in the presence of a functional electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation? Give your answer in moles, but don't include the units in the answer.Q2. Assess the role of redox electron transfer in the formation of an electrochemical proton gradient (the proton motive force), as follows:a) Provide a critical evaluation of how the molecular structure of each respiratory complex contributes to their proton pumping and/or redox catalytic activities.10How many moles of ATP are generated by the complete oxidation of the fatty acid 22:3 in the presence of a functional electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation? Give your answer in moles, but don't include the units in your answer
- Q1: Define ATP in your own words. Q2: How is ATP involved in anabolism and catabolism? (Hint: Review Figure 5.3.) Q3: Arsenic disrupts ATP production. Why would this characteristic cause it to be a potent poison?Q No 2. During Respiration, various oxidation–reduction reactions occur. Could you expand upon this point further?WHAT IF? The Calvin cycle requires ATP and NADPH,products of the light reactions. If a classmate assertedthat the light reactions don’t depend on the Calvin cycleand, with continual light, could just keep on producingATP and NADPH, how would you respond?