WHAT IF? In the absence of O2, as in question 1, whatdo you think would happen if you decreased the pH ofthe intermembrane space of the mitochondrion? Explainyour answer
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WHAT IF? In the absence of O2, as in question 1, what
do you think would happen if you decreased the pH of
the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion? Explain
your answer
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- If isolated mitochondria are incubated with asource of electrons such as succinate, but without oxygen,electrons enter the respiratory chain, reducing each of theelectron carriers almost completely. When oxygen is thenintroduced, the carriers become oxidized at different rates(Figure Q14–1). How does this result allow you to order the electron carriers in the respiratory chain? What is theirorder?10How many moles of oxygen are consumed for the complete oxidation of one mole of the fatty acid 16:1 to carbon dioxide in the presence of a functional electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation? Give your answer in moles, but don't include the units in the answer.How are the mitochondrion and the hydrogenosomesimilar structurally? How do they differ? How do theydiffer metabolically?
- 4) a)Fill in the blanks: When oxygen is the final energy carrier in the production of ATP, the process is called _________________. When an inorganic molecule is used to drive theoxidation in a cell to produce ATP, the process is called _______________.b)How is energy transferred to proteins in the process called phosphorylation?c) Fill in the blanks: When a molecule is oxidized it has (more/less) _________ electrons than it did before being oxidized. When a molecule is reducedit has (more/less)_________ electrons than it did before being reduced.d) Is NADH is the oxidized or reduced form of NAD+?MAKE CONNECTIONS Membranes must be fluid tofunction properly (as you learned in Concept 7.1). Howdoes the operation of the electron transport chainsupport that assertion?DRAW IT The graph here showsthe pH difference across theinner mitochondrial membraneover time in an actively respiringcell. At the time indicated by thevertical arrow, a metabolic poisonis added that specifically andcompletely inhibits all function ofmitochondrial ATP synthase. Drawwhat you would expect to see forthe rest of the graphed line, andexplain your graph.
- 1. What would be the effect on ATP production during chemiosmosis and oxidative phorphorylation, if the pH within the inner membrane space of the mitochondrion were decreased, assuming no effect of pH on the structure of proteins in the membrane? 2. What would be the effect on production of ATP from photosynthesis, assuming no effect on enzyme/protein stability, if the pH of the chloroplast stroma were lowered?5. a) The cell creates molecules of NADH and FADH2to use in the electron transport chain as they are electron carrier molecules. The electron transfers from these moleculesdrives the movement of what molecule across the mitochondrial membrane?b) What is chemiosmosis?c) How does the cell use chemiosmosis to drive overcome the thermodynamic barrier of bringing phosphates close togehter to create ATP?d) What steps of oxidative phosphorylation are in the cytosol and which are in the mitochondria?e) Cellular respiration can be controlled at the post-translational level. What does this mean, using GLUT as an example? Why is post-translational control of GLUT evolutionarilyadaptive over transcriptional control?f) How does establishment of equillibria of various molecules control metabolic reactions? What are three ways high ATP in the cell control cellular respiration?g) Why are the enzymes controlling the initial steps of various biochemical pathways are targeted by allosteric control?10How many moles of ATP are generated by the complete oxidation of the fatty acid 22:3 in the presence of a functional electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation? Give your answer in moles, but don't include the units in your answer
- Apply your understanding of the various components of the electron transport chain to evaluatehow the roles of ubiquinone and cytochrome c differ from those of the other components. Whatrole does NADH and FADH2 play in redox reactions?1. How many molecules of ADP as reactant are needed to produce about 38molecules of ATP for eukaryotic organisms?2. Which groups in the cellular respiration equation go in?3. Which groups are released? Use the given diagram below to answer the questions:How might a mitochondrion’s double membrane make cellularrespiration more efficient than if it had a single membrane?
