What is the clinical significance of the presence of glucose in the urine?

Q: Explain the physiological basis of the test that could be used to differentiate between central and…

A: Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disorder of salt and water metabolism, which is marked by intense…

Q: Why should deficits of salt and water eventually be compensated for byingestion of these substances?

A: The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney. It consists of the renal…

Q: Define the term diuretics?

A: The urinary system is defined as a body system that is responsible for eliminating waste from the…

Q: Are patients with diabetes mellitus more likely to have trouble with acidosis or alkalosis? Why?…

A: Diabetes mellitus is the most usual metabolic disorder in the society. The diabetics may suffer from…

Q: It is a term used to describe the presence of glucose in the urine

A: Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals. Urine flows from the…

Q: What are the diseases associated with the presence of bile acids and ketone bodies in urine?

A: Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals and other vertebrates. They…

Q: Define the term potassium-sparing diuretics?

A: The medicines that elevate urination  without loss of potassium ion are defined as Potassium-sparing…

Q: After about 6 weeks of fasting, the production of urea isdecreased. Explain.

A: When the person is fasting for few days, his body will be in a starved state. The muscle decreases…

Q: What can a lack of sodium cause?

A: Sodium is an important element required by the body to maintain the electrolyte balance and water in…

Q: Why glucose is given to dehydrated patient?

A: Dehydration is the process in which the loss of water takes place from the body. The process of…

Q: Explain anti-diuretic hormone.

A: A chemical substance that is secreted in an organ and carried by the blood to various tissues of the…

Q: How might dehydration cause the development of kidney stones?

A: The excretory framework is an aloof natural framework that eliminates overabundance, superfluous…

Q: What are the two ways that the drug Metformin acts to lower blood sugar in patients with Type II…

A: Metformin is anti-diabetic medication used for type to diabetes,especially for people who are…

Q: What effect does insulin have on the plasma?

A: (Please note question should be :  What effect does insulin have on the plasma glucose level? Answer…

Q: What is the significance of testing the presence of other reducing sugars in urine of pediatric…

A: Detection of reducing substances in urine has been a standard laboratory procedure. It is a…

Q: What are Diabetes Mellitus ? Define Glucose tolerance test ?

A: Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar.…

Q: Discuss the diagnostic significance of an elevated/decreased Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) level

A: A blood urea nitrogen (BUN) check tests the amount of nitrogen in your blood which is extracted from…

Q: What is the cause of proteinuria?

A: When excess proteins in the urine are known as Proteinuria, urine produces very little protein in…

Q: Which hormones are involved in the regulation of serum glucose level, and under what physiologic…

A: The process of maintaining blood sugar levels most importantly glucose levels within the normal…

Q: How would the characteristics of the urine differin untreated diabetes mellitus and…

A: Food contains complex molecules that have to be broken down into simpler forms. The process of…

Q: What factors may explain the difference in serum and urine creatinine levels?

A: Creatinine is a non-protein nitrogenous compound that is toxic and is produced by the breakdown of…

Q: Describe the process of controlling Plasma Concentrations of MineralIons?

A: Electrolytes or mineral ions in plasma concentrations include sodium, potassium, chloride,…

Q: Which transporters below are most likely facilitators of the renal elimination of furosemide?

A: The below given figure is of Furosemide which is a potent loop diuretics and is eliminated by renal…

Q: In which condition is excessive urinary excretion of 5- hydroxy indole acetic acid seen?…

A: Carcinoid syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome which occur due to excessive production of…

Q: Glucose in the urine is referred to as _____________.

A: Glucose urine test is used to measure the amount of sugar present in urine sample. Glucose is a main…

Q: Is acute tubular necrosis a prerenal or intrarenal cause?

A: Acute tubular necrosis is defined as damage to the tubular structure of the nephrons because of…

Q: What is the clinical importance of bilirubinuria or urobilinogenuria?

A: They are found in liver.

Q: What is the cause of sugar elevatedin urine?

A: The presence of sugar, especially glucose, in urine is known as glycosuria. Under normal…

Q: High serum uric acid levels are linked to _____________,_____________, _____________, _____________,…

A: The breakdown of purines forms the uric acid which is removed by the kidneys as a waste byproduct.…

Q: What is the relationship between plasma glucose concentration and reabsorption rate of glucose?

A: The filtered glucose amount increases with the increase in plasma glucose concentration. In healthy…

Q: Mention at least 5 proteins, besides albumin, that are present in the urine under pathological…

A: There are a large number of proteins that are found in urine, besides albumin are:- - Vitamin D…

Q: Why is there an increased risk of drug toxicity in the laterstages of renal failure?

A: Renal failure There are many etiological factors responsible for renal failure such as, systemic…

Q: What are the maintreatments of diabetesmellitus?

A: Main aim in diabetes management is to keep blood glucose level as normal as possible. Another aim is…

Q: Explain why people with diabetes mellitus have glycosuria.

A: Glucose is the chief energy source for the cells. Dietary intake of carbohydrates results in the…

Q: Where is urea produced?

A: Urea is a waste product, called carbamide. It is one of the major organic components of human urine.

Q: Why are the loop of Henle and vasa recta important for the formation of concentrated urine?

A: Excretion is the process through which all the metabolic waste products are excreted out of the body…

Q: Can Potassium abnormalities also lead to acid-base disturbances through the renal system? Explain…

A: There are important interactions between potassium and acid-base balance that involve both…

Q: What is the substance present in plasma when in high concentrations can interfere with triglyceride…

A: Triglycerides are tri-esters of three fatty acids and glycerol. Triglycerides contain a large…

Q: Explain briefly what does excess amount of creatinine in urine indicate?

A: Creatinine is a waste product that is produced by the body daily during the movements of muscles and…

Q: Excessive loss of water and electrolytes in diabetes is referred to as _____________.

A: Diabetes is a disease that causes high blood sugar. Majorly there are two different types of…

Q: What is the quantity of creatinine excretion in 24 hours relatively constant for normal person?

A: Creatinine is a non-protein nitrogenous compound that is formed by the breakdown of creatine in…

Q: protein present in the urine in acute kidney disease? or can protein in the urine be a marker for…

A: Proteinuria It is defines as abnormal excretion of protein in the urine.  Normal protein excretion…

Q: Explain why not reabsorbing bicarbonate (HCO3-) and Glucose lead to acidosis and polyuria…

A: Acid-base equilibrium: Acid-base equilibrium alludes to the instruments the body uses to keep its…