What is the difference between an autonomous and a nonautonomoustransposable element? Is it possible for nonautonomous TEs to move?           If yes, explain how.

Q: What are “forcefields” and how are they used in predicting how a protein sequence will fold?

A: Biomolecules are organic molecules present in living organisms. The major biomolecules are…

Q: What type of bonding interaction causes stem-loops to form?

A: Stem loop is also known as hairpin loop structure. It is an intramolecular base pairing that…

Q: What physical parameters of a protein control its migration on electrophoresis?

A: Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or protein molecules in the…

Q: Write the Structure Activity Relationship ( SAR)  of Captopril ?

A: Captopril is an antihypertensive drug and is used for the treatment of renovascular hypertension. It…

Q: How will you best describe tRNA, support your answer with a proper diagram?

A: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding,…

Q: What is a magnetosome?

A: The cellular magnetic dipole moments are often large enough, so their interaction with Earth’s…

Q: How many copies of a protein need to be present in a cell in order for it to be visible as a band on…

A: * Given that you can load 100 µg of cell extract onto a gel and can detect 10 ng in a single band by…

Q: Which macromolecule holds your genetic information, providing the instructions to manufacture…

A: Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary data. DNA and RNA address the informational molecules of…

Q: Within a protein, certain amino acids are positively charged (e.g.,lysine and arginine), some are…

A: DNA or the deoxyribonucleic is the defined genetic material and it is made up of a base, deoxyribose…

Q: Consider the equation below. What are its consequences in the context of an electrophoresis…

A: Electrophoresis is a technique used in laboratories to separate DNA, RNA, and protein molecules…

Q: Considering that genes can code only for RNA orproteins, how can the synthesis of nonprotein…

A: A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. They are made up of DNA.

Q: A comparison of the aligned amino acid sequences of two proteins each consisting of 150 amino acids…

A: Introduction Stating evolutionary relationships between two proteins or their domain still leaves a…

Q: Vhat are the tautomeric forms of adenine and cytosine? of guanine, thymine, and uracil? What is the…

A: Nucleic acids are the macromolecules that are basically two types: DNA, RNA. Each nucleic acid…

Q: A common strategy for identifying distantly relatedhomologous proteins is to search the database…

A: Introduction: Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field of science that combines biology,…

Q: What do you mean by the structure of the nucleosome based on x-ray crystallography?

A: DNA is organized into functional units called genes. A chromosome contains thousands of genes. The…

Q: How many copies of a protein need to be presentin a cell in order for it to be visible as a band on…

A: 1 kD of protein is equal to 1.66053904 X10-18 milligrams in weight. Using this to find the weight of…

Q: For you, what is the contribution around 18-1900 of golden era in biochemistry? Explain

A: Introduction: The term biochemistry refers to the study of the chemistry of living things including…

Q: How do scientists make the migration rates of proteins reflect their molecular weights (sizes) and…

A: In electrophoresis migration is dependent on the size. Smaller fragments migrate faster than larger…

Q: Assume a peptide with 20 amino acids - If this peptide forms an alpha helix, how many turns of…

A: The secondary structure of a protein involves the local folding where the polypeptide consists of…

Q: Yeast RNA are insoluble in cold water, 95% ethanol and diluted HCl solution because?

A: The electrostatic attraction between the Na+ ions and the PO3- ions is depended on the dielectric…

Q: How do you seal sequence 2 (from 5' end) to the 3' end of the sequence 1 in vitro condition? Design…

A: Sealing is the joining of two DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) segments under in-vitro conditions. The…

Q: Given that an α helix has 3.6 residues per turn and the rise along the α helix axis is 5.4 Å,…

A: The secondary structure is generated by hydrogen bonding between the polypeptide backbone atoms.…

Q: Green fluorescent protein comprises a beta barrel with an alpha helix in the middle of the barrel.…

A: Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a bioluminescent protein that emits bright green color when…

Q: Here’s a Ramachandran plot. Give the dihedral angles--phi and psi--that are characteristic of a left…

A: Ramachandran plot: This is plot between torsional angles phi and psi that are present between…

Q: What is the isoelectric point of this fragment?    DHVTHLRKMG

A: Here the given peptide is: DHVTHLRKMG…

Q: Which tripeptide would you expect to be more water-soluble: INQ or VIW? Fully explain your…

A: Protein monomers are amino acids. An amino acid is a molecule composed of a basic amino group, an…

Q: Describe the problems associated with using a polypeptide’sprimary sequence to determine its final…

A: A polypeptide is a straight natural polymer comprising of countless amino-acid deposits fortified…

Q: Where would you expect a polypeptide region Ridge and the amino acid valine, leucine, and isoleucine…

A: Amino acids are the building blocks of life. Proteins are long chains of amino acids that make up…

Q: Why can one not reliably predict the sequence of nucleotides onmRNA or DNA by observing the amino…

A: The amino acids on a protein are coded for by codons on the mRNA, which in turn was transcribed from…

Q: Why is yeast RNA insoluble with dilute HCl, ethanol, cold water, and slightly insoluble with hot…

A: Nucleic acids are known as the molecules that carry information in the cell. They are also involved…

Q: Suppose, you have a solution of DNA, RNA and some proteins. How can you separate the proteins from…

A: The protein separation from a mixture is done to study its structural and functional properties. A…

Q: Can native gel electrophoresis of protiens be used to determine protein molecular weight? Explain.

A: Electrophoresis is the motion of dispersed particles relative to a fluid under the influence of a…

Q: How many amino acids are in a 62 Angstrom long Alpha helix?

A: Given that, In an alpha-helix, the axial length is 62 angstrom. Number of amino acids in this 62…

Q: In what ways are the structures of an α helix in a protein and thedouble helix of DNA similar, and…

A: Proteins are present in primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure. The primary…

Q: You are characterizing a DNA-binding protein, and have used genetic experiments to identify a domain…

A: Proteins have a secondary structure which is 3D one and the two most common of these are the alpha…

Q: How many proteins are there in a typical eukaryotic (nu- cleated) cell?

A: In the eukaryotic cells, there are two different types of proteins that are present mandatorily.…

Q: What is the function of the molecular chaperone? What would happen to the protein if molecular…

A: According to the question we have to give the function of the molecular chaperon. In addition to…

Q: Are all the proteins separated properly using two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis? Why or why…

A: Two dimensional gel electrophoresis is an analytical technique that uses two techniques i.e.…

Q: Monomeric, single-pass transmembrane proteins span a membrane with a single a helix that has…

A: Proteins are the polymers of amino acids. The amino acids have a distinct chemical structure and…

Q: How is it that protein–protein interactions thatare too weak to cause proteins to assemble in…

A: Protein is usually defined that they are about to define as a highly complex substance found in all…

Q: Can you describe the ensemble allostery model and explain how it is used to explain allostery in…

A: In allosteric regulation binding of a ligand to one of the subunit enhances or decreases the binding…

Q: Differentiate between a conserved hypothetical protein and a putative protein of unknown function

A: Proteins are one of the major biological macromolecules responsible for performing major functions…

Q: Does the Hershy-Chase experiment distinguish between DNA and RNA as the molecular serving as the…

A: Hershey and Chase demonstrated that nucleic acid is the genetic material. DNA is a double-stranded…

Q: If the amino acids in the proteins of two organisms are similar, why will their DNA also be similar?

A: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides connected together via a…

Q: Describe the helix-turn-helix (HTF) motif?

A: Protein molecules are 3D  structures made one or more of polypeptide chains. The linear sequence of…

Q: next to Size in the data table above stand for? Explain what it is. DNA and protein molecules are…

A: Gel electrophoresis is a procedure of separating and analysing macromolecules like protein, RNA and…

Microbial Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the science of naming, classifying, and describing organisms. The taxonomy will include all the plants, microorganisms, and animals on this planet. Carl Linnaeus coined the taxonomy term. He is known as the father of taxonomy. Microbial taxonomy is a criterion of grouping microorganisms into groups based on their similarities and past relatedness. Microorganisms belonging to the same group are differentiated from the others via grouping into categories. This differentiation makes the study of microorganisms easy. There are different types of microbial taxonomies like Numerical and Molecular taxonomy. The study of microorganisms is known as microbiology. Microbiology is a broad term that takes into account microbial cultures, taxonomic studies, evolutionary relationships. Microbial interaction and diversity are huge data that needs to be compiled under the subject of microbiology. Microbiology covers various organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, animals, etc.