What is the difference between the native and pathogenic formsof the prion protein?

Q: Describe the reason behind the occurrence of phage growth and release by the mating with the…

A: Bacteriophages frequently transition between the lytic and lysogenic states. The two gene regulatory…

Q: What are the protein secondary structures that differ between a normal prion and an infectious one?

A: PrPC  or prion protein is able to go through a conformational transition into an insoluble isoform…

Q: What is the main problem with retroviral vectors?

A: Retroviral vectors are created by removing replication and disease-causing genes from the virus and…

Q: Why is a host-cell tRNA needed for reverse transcription?

A: Reverse transcription is a process used by retroviruses(RNA viruses) which encodes its RNA genome…

Q: What is COVID-19's genetic mutation, and how to prevent widespread diseases and infections.

A: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a viral infection caused by the virus known as SARS-CoV-2. The…

Q: What are the steps in making an mRNA vaccine?

A: mRNA vaccines combine ideal immunological houses with an exceptional protection profile and the…

Q: In what major way does transcription of phage DNA differ inphages T4 and T7?

A: The central dogma of the protein synthesis process involves transcription and translation.…

Q: What mechanism of antibiotic resistance does the NDM gene code for?

A: Antibiotic Resistance is the phenomenon by which any bacteria can survive in the presence of…

Q: Why are single-stranded binding (SSB) proteins required?

A: SSBs are nucleoproteins that can be found in bacteria, bacteria, and animals. When opposed to…

Q: "what is the reason for forming mucoid colonies in some types of bacteria?"

A: Microscopic organisms develop on strong media as provinces. A settlement is characterized as an…

Q: What key features distinguish the lytic from the lysogenic cycle?

A: The bacteriophage is commonly known as phage, is a virus particle that infects and replicates within…

Q: What percentage of cells in an organ or a tissue need toexpress a therapeutic gene to alleviate the…

A: Gene therapy is the method that involves the insertion of DNA or sequence of DNA in the cells of the…

Q: What type of mutation in an operon is most likely to affect the synthesis of more than one protein?

A: Mutation is the process, in which genetic sequence is changed, which results in the change in…

Q: Why is formation of the replicative form of fX174 necessary inorder to make phage-specific mRNA?

A: DNA is the genetic material in most of the organisms. It is mostly double-stranded but some viruses…

Q: How can a protein, which cannot replicate itself, be a transmissible pathogen?

A: A pathogen is an organic entity that causes infection. Your body is normally brimming with…

Q: Why are proteins synthesized from Spirulina called Single celled Proteins? What is the significance…

A: Single-cell proteins are the proteins that are edible and are derived from single-celled organisms.…

Q: What is the role of Ku70/80 in direct repair of DSBs?

A: DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to DNA…

Q: The following is a sequence of the leader region ofthe his operon mRNA in Salmonella…

A: An operon is the functional unit of a gene. An operon also includes a setoff genes, which are under…

Q: What distinguishes a retrovirus from an LTR transposon, and how is this difference enabled?

A: LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements characterized by the presence of long…

Q: How antiterminator hairpin is formed ?

A: Introduction: An operon is defined as a group of genes that have a common promoter and regulator and…

Q: What is the result of superantigens?

A: Antigens (Ag) are toxins or pathogens. The immune system produces antibodies (Ab) against them as an…

Q: How does the level of tryptophan alter transcription of the trp operon?

A: An operon is defined as the set of structural genes that are under the regulation of a common…

Q: How do riboswitches differ from RNA-mediated repression?

A: Riboswitches are small mRNA molecules that are comprised of regulatory sequences. The small protein…

Q: Why is phage conversion considered beneficial to host cells?

A: Phages are viruses that have bacterial cells as their host.

Q: What is the difference between the lytic pathway and the lysogenic pathway?

A: Lytic and Lysogenic cycles are the method of viral multiplication.

Q: What advantages are there to having genes arranged in an operon, compared with the arrangement in…

A: The gene is the basic morphological and physiological unit of heredity. DNA is used to make genes.…

Q: What is the relationship between the rpoS gene and the SOS repair mechanism? Briefly explain.

A: In response to the severe DNA damage; many cells have the mechanism which enable them to synthesize…

Q: What is antiterminator hairpin ?

A: It is a secondary structure of RNA. It determines interaction in ribozyme and can help in RNA…

Q: Which protein product of HTLV-1 functions as a transcriptional activator and is also considered to…

A: HTLV-1 is an enveloped virus that contains two strands of RNA within a protein capsid. It can infect…

Q: What structures on bacterial host cells serve to allow bacteriophage to recognize them? What…

A: Bacteriophage is a type of virus that is composed of a head and tail. The head part contains a…

Q: What is lac operon?

A: Lac operon  ,this concept was proposed by Jacob and monod in 1965. Operon is a functioning unit of…

Q: What are the mechanisms by which the attenuator forms when tryptophan levels are high and the…

A: Tryptophan is an amino acid. It is produced by many structural genes of an operon. An attenuator…

Q: Why is the detection of viral RNA not equivalent to a high risk transmission method?

A: The detection of the viral RNA, detection of infectious virus and equivalent transmission risk are…

Q: how does wearing mask helps students to stop the spread of covid 19? and What can you advice to your…

A: Covid 19 is a life threatening viral disease that is caused by SARS-COV II virus. As it is a viral…

Q: Give one examples of mutaion?

A: Any alteration in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence is termed as genetic mutation.

Q: Why does phage T4 need a lysozyme-like protein in order toinfect its host, and what part of T4…

A: Bacteriophages are the viruses that infect and replicate within the bacterial host. They are of two…

Q: What are the roles of Cas1, Cas2, and Cas9 proteins in bacterialgenome defense?

A: Phages are the bacteria killers that inject their DNA into the bacteria and uses the bacterial…

Q: What is the primary function of the sigma factor? Is therea protein in eukaryotes analogous to the…

A: SIGMA FACTOR : are RNA polymerase detachable polypeptide component. Eukaryotic transcription factors…

Q: What are the analogies between the mechanisms controlling the lac operon and those controlling phage…

A: Lac operon λ genetic switches are the ones that are in requirement of the breakdown of lactose. Even…

Q: What commits lambda to the lytic versus the lysogenic pathway?

A: Introduction  Virus is composed of viral capsid which is composed of proteins which also acts as…

Q: What role does the Env trimer play in HIV infection?

A: The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer is located on the surface of the virus and is the…

Q: From the perspective of a bacteriophage, what is the advantage of being able to follow either a…

A: Bacteriophage :A type of virus which infects and replicates inside  bacteria. These are composed of…

Q: How are particular proteins targeted to particular sub-cellular compartments?

A: Proteins after synthesis are translocated into other organelles. Here, they are translocated into…

Q: What is gene targeting?

A: A gene is the basic functional and physical unit of heredity. Genes are made of substance called…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.