What is the relationship between the rpoS gene and the SOS repair mechanism? Briefly explain.

Q: Describe four mechanisms that result in the generation ofantigen receptor diversity.

A: Antibodies are the antigen-binding glycoproteins that are synthesized exclusively by B- cells and in…

Q: The question, Explain the mechanism of the genotoxic agent invalidating the regulator and pathway

A: Genotoxic agents can be a form of pollution. For example, pesticides, some kinds of industrial waste…

Q: What characteristics are most commonly found in rho-independent terminators?

A: Terminator is a segment of nucleic acid sequence. In the process of transcription, the terminator…

Q: What would happen if the operator sequence of the trp operon contained a mutation that prevented the…

A: Trp Operon is an operon that codes for the components for the production of Tryptophan, it consists…

Q: What is a transposon? Write a brief description of Tn5

A: TRANSPOSONS: It is a repetitive DNA sequence found in many multicellular organisms' genome(mainly in…

Q: What is meant by Rho dependent and independent transcription termination. What is the differences?…

A: Termination in transcription is a point when enzyme stops adding nucleotides to the growing RNA…

Q: What are the two enzymatic functions of reverse transcriptase?

A: Enzymes are the biocatalyst that catalyzes the biochemical reactions or processes by lowering the…

Q: Briefly discuss somatic hypermutation. What is the function of SH? What does SH result in? Name the…

A: Introduction:- The majority of antibodies that express germ-line sequences have a poor affinity.…

Q: Why would a cell use SOS repair, considering that it introduces mutations?

A: Answer :- Sos reaction is extreme arrangement when the DNA harm is high that on the off chance that…

Q: why the repressor proteins bind with the major groove in the DNA helix?

A: DNA is a double helical structure as described by Watson and crick consisting of two loops that is…

Q: Why would a mutation in a somatic cell of a multicellular organism escape detection?

A: Mutations that likely occurred in a somatic cell are not supposed to be transferred to its next…

Q: What is catabolite repression? How does it allow a bacterial cell to use glucose in preference to…

A: Microorganisms with catabolite repression can easily adapt to a chosen (rapidly metabolizable)…

Q: What is claudin16 gene

A: Claudin 16 is a protein which belongs to the family of claudin proteins, it is encoded by the CLDN16…

Q: What is the relationship between SOS repair mechanism and resistance to antibiotics? Explain

A: Antibiotic resistance is developed by the transfer of the gene responsible for causing resistance to…

Q: Attenuation affects anabolic pathways, whereas repression affects either anabolic or catabolic…

A: Transcription is the process in which the DNA sequence of a gene is copied to create a molecule of…

Q: Explain the general structure of LTR retrotransposons.

A: Transposon is a small piece of DNA that can move from one genomic location to another within the…

Q: What are some limitations in the use of ASOs for exon-skipping therapies in Duchenne muscular…

A: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a muscular disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene…

Q: Explain how the Pyrococcus furiosus TrmBL1 transcriptionregulator is able to act as both an…

A: An activator is a regulator Pyrococcus furiosus substance that enhances the gene expression whereas…

Q: Where metal-inducible transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) is found ?

A: Metal regulatory transcription factor-1 or metal inducible transcription factor-1 plays a role in…

Q: Movement of DNA Transposons IsCatalyzed by what?

A: The sequence of DNA that is capable of moving from one position to another in a genome is termed as…

Q: What do we mean when we say that OC mutations in thelac system are cis-acting?

A: Introduction When a DNA gene is destroyed or altered in such a way that the genetic message carried…

Q: Which kind of therapy was given in 1990 to a four year old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA)…

A: Answer: Introduction: ADA deficiency i.e. Adenosine deaminase deficiency is also called as severe…

Q: Why is phospholipase c is the target on this western blot explain in detail

A: Phospholipase C (PLC) is an enzyme that cleaves the phospholipids just before the attachment of…

Q: Why is the trp attenuation mechanism unique to prokaryotes?

A: Attenuation is a control mechanism that operates to regulate the expression of genes of an operon.…

Q: What is diauxic growth? Explain how catabolite repression causes diauxic growth.

A: Introduction  Growth is an important aspect of microbes as they are rapidly dividing species. On an…

Q: When an activator protein interacts with mediator, how does this affect the function of RNA…

A: RNA polymerase is an enzyme that is responsible for copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence,…

Q: why is the tas2r38 gene also called the ptc gene

A: PTC is a compound known as Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), also called phenylthiourea (PTU). It is an…

Q: How would a mutation in E. coli make the lac operator unable to bind the active repressor to affect…

A: Numerous factors may result in mutations. Certain mutations appear to occur naturally, with no…

Q: What is the function of the repressor encoded by the lacI gene?

A: The lac repressor is a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-binding protein that inhibits the expression of…

Q: What is known as catabolite repression ?

A: Certain terms are fundamental concepts and terms used in biology, which is the study of life and…

Q: What are ROS and examples of ROS? How do they affect the cells resulting in aging?

A: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxygen-containing radicals with one or more unpaired electrons…

Q: An individual carries a somatic mutation that changes a lysinecodon into a glutamic acid codon.…

A: A mutation is an alteration or change in a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence. Mutations can…

Q: What are the function of inducer?

A: The inducer is a molecule that regulates gene expression.

Q: why does the activation of M-cdk also result in the activation of Cdc25? What is the mechanism…

A: Cell cycle checkpoints are regulatory systems present in the eukaryotic cell cycle. It guarantees…

Q: While a stem cell transplant from an unaffected donor is currently the only cure for DBA,…

A: Diamond Blackfan Anemia(DBA) is a congenital erythroblastopenia condition caused due to malfunctions…

Q: What are non- LTR retrotransposons ?

A: Non-LTR retrotransposons are the ones that comprise genes coding for reverse transcriptase along…

Q: Describe why cells require error-prone repair systems such as pol η, nonhomologous end-joining, and…

A: Most damage to DNA is repaired by removal of the damaged bases followed by resynthesis of the…

Q: How does tryptophan affect the function of trp repressor?

A: Regulation of gene expression is the mechanism of switching off and switching on the genes according…

Q: What is the probability that the palindromic symmetry of the trp repressor target DNA sequence is…

A: Palindromic sequences are the sequences present in the DNA double helix that are read the same from…

Q: What general transcription factors associate with an RNA polymerase II promoter in addition to the…

A: Transcription is the process of synthesis of mRNA from DNA. RNA polymerase is the enzyme which carry…

Q: What is the frequency of loss-of-function mutations in ADE2 when specific (HDR) and non-specific…

A: Each pathway, including the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), resulted in a 50% reduction in…

Q: What is the role of the metal ions in the polymerase active site?

A: Metal ions participate by direct and indirect pathways in enzyme catalysis and can also stabilize…

Q: What is a major difference between activator proteins and repressor proteins

A: Activator proteins can have binding sites for ligands (such as CAMP), but repressor proteins only…

Q: What is c3435T mutataion,What is the clinical implication of c3435T mutation, what is the molecular…

A: A mutation is an alteration that  changes a nucleotide of nucleic acid. It mainly involves the…

Q: What is the nature of the prion mutation that leads to extreme sensitivity to prion disease?

A: A misfolded protein can be defined as a protein that cannot get back to its normal native state due…

Tissue regeneration & repair

Tissue regeneration involves the restoration of tissue components by regrowth of damaged tissues. In contrast, tissue repair involves patching of injured tissue rather than restoring it. It is the proliferative capacity of the cells that decides the amount of regeneration against the repair that would occur in the tissue. Both regeneration and repair depending on the duration of the injury and response to the inflammation.