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- Calculate the relative population differences (Nɑ - Nβ)/N for 1H nuclei in fields of (i) 0.30 T, (ii) 1.5 T, and (iii) 10 T at 25 °C.By what factor must the temperature be changed for the relative population difference (Nɑ - Nβ)/N to be increased by a factor of 5 for 1H nuclei relative to its value at room temperature? Is changing the temperature of the sample a practical way of increasing the sensitivity?5.4.5 Chemical microanalysis5.4.5.1 Exploitation of characteristic X-raysElectron probe microanalysis (EPMA) of bulk samples is now a routine technique for obtaining rapid, accurate analysis of alloys. A small electron probe (100 nm diameter) is used to generate X-rays from a defined area of a polished specimen and the intensity of the various characteristic X-rays measured usingeither wavelength-dispersive spectrometers (WDS) or energy-dispersive spectrometers (EDS). Typically the accuracy of the analysis is š0.1%. One of the limitations of EPMA of bulk samples is that the volume of the sample which contributes to the X-ray signal is relatively independent of the size of theelectron probe, because high-angle elastic scattering of electrons within the sample generates X-rays. The consequence of this is that the spatial resolution of EPMA is no better than ¾2 µm. In the last few years EDX detectors have been interfaced totransmission electron microscopes which are capable of operating…
- using the following information to construct a valid hypothesis addressing the effect of pH and temperature on the hydrolysis of starch. Per bench, prepare the stock amylase enzyme solution by adding distilled water to the powdered enzyme in the flask , each bench will share one flaks of enzyme solution. per groups, turn on the spectrometer and set the wavelength to 560nm.allow the instruments to warm up for at least 10 minutes. per group, set up 17 cuvettes in a Styrofoam rack. Add 3 drops of iodine (IKI) to each coveter. per group, prepare the “black” cuvette by rapidly adding 3 mL of maltose standard solution to one of The prepared cuvettes containing IKI. Rapid addition of the maltose will mix the maltose and IKIThe molar absorption coefficient of a solute at 540 nm is 386 dm3 mol−1 cm−1. When light of that wavelength passes through a 5.00 mm cell containing a solution of the solute, 38.5 per cent of the light was absorbed. What is the molar concentration of the solute?An amino acid on the surface of an enzyme was labelled covalently with 1.5-I AEDANS and it is known that the active site contains a tryptophan residue. The fluorescence quantum yield of tryptophan decreased by 15 per cent due to quenching by 1.5-I AEDANS. What is the distance between the active site and the surface of the enzyme?
- The molar absorptivity for aqueous solutions of phenol at 211 nm is 6.17 × 103 L cm-1 mol-1. Calculate the permissible range of phenol concentrations if the transmittance is to be less than 85% and greater than 7% when the measurements are made in 1.00-cm cells.An amino acid on the surface of a protein was labelled covalently with 1.5-I AEDANS and another was labelled covalently with FITC. The fluorescence quantum yield of 1.5-I AEDANS decreased by 10 per cent due to quenching by FITC. What is the distance between the amino acids? (Refer to Table 17G.3 for the appropriate value of R0.)For 1H35Cl molecule, (N1/N0) ratio at 300 K is 6.091 x 10^-2. Calculate the wavenumber ( in cm^-1 ) for J=2→J=3 transition in the microwave spectrum of the molecule.
- Find the oscillation amplitude of a diatomic molecule (CO) for n=1,2,3,4 & 10,when k=1926 N\m and reduced mass= 6.86 aThe collision frequency z of a molecule of mass m in a gas at a pressure p is z = 4σ(kT/πm)1/2p/kT, where σ is the collision cross-section. Find an expression for the collision-limited lifetime of an excited state assuming that every collision is effective. Estimate the width of a rotational transition at 63.56 cm−1 in HCl (σ = 0.30 nm2) at 25 °C and 1.0 atm. To what value must the pressure of the gas be reduced in order to ensure that collision broadening is less important than Doppler broadening?Estimate the lifetime of a state that gives rise to a line of width (i) 0.20 cm−1, (ii) 2.0 cm−1.