When a corrective tax is created so that it equals the external costs linked to the production of a product, it will the price buyers pay and the market result becomes efficient. A decrease; more B decrease; less C increase; more D increase; less
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- Assume that the marginal private costs of a film producing fuel-efficient can; is greater than the marginal social costs. Assume that the marginal private benefits of a firm producing fuel efficient cars are the same as the marginal social benefits. Discuss one wags.r that the government cans fly to increase production and sales of fuel efficient cars to the socially desirable amount. Hint: the government is flying to affect production through costs, net benefits.Show the market for cigarettes in equilibrium, assuming that there are no laws banning smoking in public. Label the equilibrium private market price and quantity as Pm and Qm. Add whatever is needed to the model to show the impact of the negative externality from second-hand smoking. (Hint: In this case it is the consumers, not the sellers, who are creating the negative externality.) Label the social optimal output and price as Fe and Qe. On the graph, shade in the deadweight loss at the market output.Draw a standard supply and demand diagram for televisions, and indicate the equilibrium price and output. a. Assuming that the production of televisions generates external costs, illustrate the effect of the producers being forced to pay a tax equal to the external costs generated, and indicate the equilibrium output. b. If instead of generating external costs, television production generates external benefits, illustrate the effect of the producers being given a subsidy equal to the external benefits generated, and indicate the equilibrium output.
- Federal excise taxes on gasoline vary widely across the developed world. The United States has the lowest taxes at USD $0.40 per gallon (or £0.07 per liter), Canada has taxes of $0.60 per gallon, Japan and much of Europe is $2.00 per gallon, while Britain has the highest tax at $2.83 a gallon or £0.5 per liter. If gasoline taxes are intended to reduce the time losses from road congestion in urban environments and gasoline pre-tax costs about £0.40 per liter, why might the optimal tax in Canada be 50 percent higher than in the United States? What would be an explanation for why adjacent countries would have such different estimates of the price elasticity of demand for auto driving?16Identify the following situations as an example of a negative or a positive externality: You are a birder (bird watcher), and your neighbor has put up several birdhouses in the yard as well as planting trees and flowers that attract birds. Your neighbor paints his house a hideous color. Investments in private education raise your countrys standard of living. Trash dumped upstream flows downstream right past your home. Your roommate is a smoker, but you are a nonsmoker.When the government levies a tax on a goodequal to the external cost associated with thegood’s production, it _________ the price paidby consumers and makes the market outcome_________ efficient.a. increases; moreb. increases; lessc. decreases; mored. decreases; less
- When the government levies a tax on a good equalto the external cost associated with the good'sproduction, it ___ the price paid by consumersand makes the market outcome efficient.a. 1ncreases, moreb. increases, lessc. decreases, mored. decreases, less1. Illustrate and explain the simultaneous impact of TRAIN law on the lower income group’s consumption of instant coffee. Compare and contrast the equilibrium price and quantity before and after the implementation of the law. 2. Illustrate and explain why there are very little clean Public Comfort Rooms that are free or are donation-based. Provide a possible solution to this problem (15 pts) (hint: analyze public CR as a positive externality) 3. Do you think that the TRAIN law was/is successful as a pro-poor taxation program? Why or why not?Setup Suppse that the Demand and Supply for Electricity is given below. The production of electricity has a negative externality. Demand: QD= 9.875 -0.125P Supply: QS= 4P -19 Inverse Demand: P=79-8QD Inverse Supply: P=4.75+0.25QS Marginal Spillover Cost: MSPC= 9.5 +Q 1) Determine the Efficient Quantity. 2) Calculate the Deadweight Loss from Externality. 3) Calculate Optimal Pigovian Per Unit Tax 4) Calculate Tax Revenues Market Price: $7.00 Market Quantity: 9
- Which of the following types of goods and services should be taxed in order to discourage their production? Which of the following types of goods and services should be taxed in order to discourage their production? Goods and services with high inocme elasticities of demand Goods and services with negative externalities Goods and services with high price elasticities of demand Goods and services with positive externalitiesA tax of $1 in the market for widgets causes a deadweight loss of $2. If the tax is raised to $3 then deadweight loss will be approximately: A) 18 B) 6 C) none of these answers D) 12Consider placing a tax on a good that has a positive benefit externality of MEB=3 where MSC=2Q and MPB = 21-Q. a. Compare the equilibrium outputs with (i) no tax, (ii) with a Tax of $3, and (iii) at the social optimu. b. In this case, what happens to DWL when a tax is added? Show and explain your reasoning.