When the ionization energies (IE) of a series of isoelectronic atoms and ions in the second ow (that is, species that contain the same number of electrons, in this case three) are compared, the following relationship is observed (IE are in kJ/mol, and Z is the atomic number):| VIE = 18.4Z – 32.0 What is the expected ionization energy for Be*? A) 1730 kJ/mol 3) 23.2 kJ/mol C) 538 kJ/mol D) 41.6 kJ/mol E) 6.4 kJ/mol

When the ionization energies (IE) of a series of isoelectronic atoms and ions in the second ow (that is, species that contain the same number of electrons, in this case three) are compared, the following relationship is observed (IE are in kJ/mol, and Z is the atomic number):| VIE = 18.4Z – 32.0 What is the expected ionization energy for Be*? A) 1730 kJ/mol 3) 23.2 kJ/mol C) 538 kJ/mol D) 41.6 kJ/mol E) 6.4 kJ/mol

Principles of Modern Chemistry

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079113

Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Publisher:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler

Chapter5: Quantum Mechanics And Atomic Structure

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 39P: Without consulting any tables, arrange the following substances in order and explain your choice of...

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Without consulting any tables, arrange the following substances in order and explain your choice of order: (a) Mg2+,Ar,Br,Ca2+ in order of increasing radius (b) Na, Na+ , O, Ne in order of increasing ionization energy (c) H, F, Al, O in order of increasing electronegativity
At large interatomic separations, an alkali halide molecule MX has a lower energy as two neutral atoms, M+X ; at short separations, the ionic form (M+)(X) has a lower energy. At a certain distance, Rc , the energies of the two forms become equal, and it is near this distance that the electron will jump from the metal to the halogen atom during a collision. Because the forces between neutral atoms are weak at large distances, a reasonably good approximation can be made by ignoring any variation in potential V(R) for the neutral atoms between Rc and R= . For the ions in this distance range, Rc is dominated by their Coulomb attraction. (a) Express Rc for the first ionization energy of the metal M and the electron affinity of the halogen X. (b) Calculate Rc for LiF, KBr, and NaCl using data fromAppendix F.
The energy needed to remove one electron from a gaseous potassium atom is only about two-thirds as much as that needed to remove one electron from a gaseous calcium atom, yet nearly three times as much energy as that needed to remove one electron from K+ as from Ca+ . What explanation can you give for this contrast? What do you expect to be the relation between the ionization energy of Ca+ and that of neutral K?
(a) Account for formation of the following series of oxidesin terms of the electron configurations of the elementsand the discussion of ionic K2O, CaO, Sc2O3, TiO2, V2O5, CrO3. (b) Name these oxides.(c) Consider the metal oxides whose enthalpies of formation(in kJ mol -1) are listed here. Calculate the enthalpy changes in the following general reactionfor each case:MnOm(s) + H2(g)----->nM(s) + mH2O(g)(You will need to write the balanced equation for each caseand then compute ΔH°.) (d) Based on the data given, estimatea value of ΔHf° for Sc2O3(s).
To ionize Mg to Mg2+ costs two times as much energy as to form Mg+. The formation of O2- is endothermic rather than exothermic as for O-. Nevertheless, magnesium oxide is always formulated as Mg2+ O2- rather than Mg+O-a) Give theoretical reason for formulation of Mg2+O2-b) What simple experiment could be done to predict that magnesium oxide wasnot Mg+O- ?
Consider the first ionization energy of neon and the electronaffinity of fluorine. (a) Write equations, including electronconfigurations, for each process. (b) These two quantities haveopposite signs. Which will be positive, and which will be negative?(c) Would you expect the magnitudes of these two quantitiesto be equal? If not, which one would you expect to be larger?
The first ionization energy of the oxygen molecule is the energyrequired for the following process:O2(g)---->O2 +(g) + e-The energy needed for this process is 1175 kJ/mol, very similarto the first ionization energy of Xe. Would you expect O2 to reactwith F2? If so, suggest a product or products of this reaction.
In the chemical process called electron transfer, an electron istransferred from one atom or molecule to another. A simpleelectron transfer reaction isA(g) + A(g)---->A+(g) + A-(g) In terms of the ionization energy and electron affinity ofatom A, what is the energy change for this reaction? For arepresentative nonmetal such as chlorine, is this process exothermic?For a representative metal such as sodium, is thisprocess exothermic?
Suppose a new group 8A element is discovered. Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) reveals that its last two peaks occur at 1760 kJ/mol and 1211 kJ/mol. Calculate the average valence electron energy (AVEE) of this element.
Platinum hexafluoride, PtF6 has a very high electron affinity (772 kJ/mol) but when lithium metal is reacted with platinum hexafluoride it is lithium fluoride Li+F- that is produced not Li+PtF6- that is formed. Suggest a reason why.
A gold nucleus is located at the origin of coordinates, andan electron is brought to a position 2 Å from the origin inthe 1y direction.(a) Calculate the force on the gold nucleus exerted by theelectron giving its components Fx and Fy.(b) Calculate the potential energy of the gold nucleus andthe electron.
Ti and Hf behaveas though they possess the same number of valence electrons.Which of the subshells in the electron configurationof Hf behave as valence orbitals? Which behave ascore orbitals?