which market structure is able to arise? a) oligopoly b) monopolistic competition <) monopoly d) perfect competition e) none of the above market structures 3. The production of one unit of milk requires one unit of labor and one unit of capital. When 2 units of labor and 2 units of capital are employed in the production process, 3 units of milk are produced. This phenomenon is called:
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- It is argued that firms differentiate their products and sustain positive profits while other firms imitate and drive down their profits in the competitive business environments. Would you defend or refute the economic argument above? Explain your position. Do research on a firm’s product innovation to demonstrate the concept of product differentiation (i.e. a real-life example of a firm’s product of which a bundle of characteristics that differs from any existing product).1.In differentiated oligopoly,the elasticity of individual market demand is smaller than in the case of pure oligopoly.Explain this statement in not more three sentences 2.As a prospective production manager of an agribusiness firm whose average variable cost of production is greater than the price per unit of its product in a competitive market indicate ,in not more than four sentences, how would you advice management concerning the operations of the firm 3.Assuming you are the production Economist in a farm firm whose elasticity of production is negative indicate,in not more than 3 sentences, how would you advice management concerning the operations of the firmConsidering the slope of the perceived demand curves faced by the firms in the four market structures,____________ we can list (most elastic). A) price competitive, quantity competitive, non-price competitive, product differentiation. B) oligopolist, perfectly competitive, monopoly, monopolistically competitive. C) perfectly competitive, oligopoly, monopolistic competitive, perfectly competitive . D) monopolist, oligopolist, monopolisitcally competitive, perfectly competitive demand curves reflect that firm's ability raise its price without losing all of its customers.
- Think about firms such as the Coca Cola Company and PepsiCo who competeagainst each other in the monopolistically competitive market for soft drinks. Eachfirm produces a unique product, but each of these unique products is to some extenta substitute for the soft drinks produced by rival companies.Now imagine a situation where the firms within such a market are facing suchextreme competition that they are unable to make an operating profit. Characterisethis situation diagrammatically and explain what will happen to the market, payingparticular attention to the exit or entry of firms out of (or into) the market.Give some examples of fixed costs and variable costs. Why do average fixed costs decline across a range of increasing production? Do average variable cost decline, increase, or do both as production increases? Explain. Tell me about perfect competition. Why is it that perfect competition is more of a theoretical market structure than a practical one? In addition, please explain the most important characteristic in perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopolies and relate the characteristic to how these firms can make profits in the short run. In your analysis, make sure to relate an example for each of the market structures listed and how it relates to the particular characteristics.Suppose that a monopolistically competitive restaurant is currently serving 230 meals per day (the output where MR = MC). At that output level, ATC per meal is $10 and consumers are willing to pay $12 per meal. What is the size of this firm’s profit or loss? Will there be entry or exit? Will this restaurant’s demand curve shift left or right? In long-run equilibrium, suppose that this restaurant charges $11 per meal for 180 meals and that the marginal cost of the 180th meal is $8. What is the size of the firm’s profit? Suppose that the allocatively efficient output level in long-run equilibrium is 200 meals. Is the deadweight loss for this firm greater than or less than $60
- Give real life example of a firm for each the 4 types of market structures - perfectly competitive, monopolistically competitive, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition.We now assume the firm producing a steel bar is under monopolistic competition. When the price of the steel bar is $ 30,000, the quantity demanded is 8 metric tons, a 100% change in the price would change the quantity demanded by 25%. The firms fixed cost is $45,000. Its variable cost in thousands at each level of production are 45, 85, 120, 150, 185, 225, 270, 325, 390, and 465. 1. At what production output should the firm produce in the long run? 2. At what price should the firm sell its product in the long run?Please no written by hand solution Considerthe following problem. There are five firms producing a homogenous good and competing in quantities simultaneously. The demand function for this good is given by D(p) = 100−p, where p denotes price. The marginal cost is the same for all firms and equals 40 Answer the following questions. (a) Compute the equilibrium quantities and profits of each firm. (b) Now suppose that two of these firms (say firms 1 and 2) want to merge. (The remaining firms stay unchanged.) Merging, however, is costly. To merge, each merging firm has to pay a fixed cost F. Determine the highest fixed cost F that the two firms would be willing to pay in order to proceed with the merger.
- As CEO of J&J, a huge pharmaceutical company, you and your management team face the decision of whether to undertake a $150 million R&D effort to create a new mega-medicine. Your research scientists estimate that there is a 35 percent chance of successfully creating the drug. Success means securing a worldwide patent worth $500 million (implying a net profit of $350 million). However, firm BigMed (your main rival) has just announced that it is spending $100 million to pursue the development of the same medicine (by a scientific method completely independent of yours). You judge that BigMed’s chance of success is 40 percent. Furthermore, if both firms are successful, they will split equally the available worldwide profits ($250 million each) based on separate patents. Assume that firms J&J and BigMed are risk neutral. Use decision trees and the expected profits criterion to justify your answer for the following problems. Should firm J&J undertake the R&D effort to…The market for peanut butter in Nutville is monopolistically competitive and in long-run equilibrium. One day, consumer advocate Jif Skippy discovers that all brands of peanut butter in Nutville are identical. Thereafter, the market becomes perfectly competitive and again reaches its long-run equilibrium. Using an appropriate diagram, explain whether each of the following variables increases, decreases, or stays the same for a typical firm in the market. Price Quantity Average total cost Marginal cost Profit please answer all 5 partsAssume the market for a product can be described as a Cournot duopoly with two identical firms. The Nash-equilibrium in this market is that the two firms produce the same quantity. Hence, they will have identical market shares, each will have 50%. Assume that firm 1 decides to invest in a technology that reduces its marginal costs. a) What will happen to the two firms market shares? You must explain how you find the answer. b) What will happen to total production and the price of the product? Again, explain your answer.