Which of the following is false about HLA class I molecules? A. They are encoded by multiple and highly polymorphic genes. B. They consist of alpha and beta chains. C. They possess beta-2 microglobulin. D. They present foreign antigens to cytotoxic T cells. E. none of the above
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Which of the following is false about HLA class I molecules?
A. They are encoded by multiple and highly polymorphic genes.
B. They consist of alpha and beta chains.
C. They possess beta-2 microglobulin.
D. They present foreign antigens to cytotoxic T cells.
E. none of the above
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Which of the following statements regarding T cells activated by specific antigen is incorrect? a. They receive co-stimulatory signals through CD28. b. They suppress expression of sphingosine 1-phosphate (SIP). c. They take several days before differentiating into effector T cells. d. They cease to secrete and respond to interleukin-2 (IL-2). e. They begin to express CTLA4, which serves to limit T-cell proliferation.All of the following are true in reference to T-cell priming except _____. a. it occurs in primary lymphoid organs b. it transforms naive T cells into differentiated effector T cells c. it is the first stage of a primary adaptive immune response d. it requires interaction between naive T cells and antigen-presenting cells e. it takes place in many locations including, but not limited to, lymph nodes, Peyer’s patches, and the tonsils.All of the following are characteristic of regulatory T cells except a. they express CD25 b. they facilitate the proliferation of naive T cells interacting with the same antigen-presenting cell c. they express CD4 d. they express the transcriptional repressor FoxP3 e. they express MHC class II-restricted T-cell receptors specific for self antigen.
- All of the following have been observed in individuals deficient in either CD3δ or CD3ε except a. their T-cell receptors fail to signal effectively b. there is an increase in the number of γ:δ T cells in the circulation c. their T-cell receptors are not transported effectively to the cell surface d. their T cells express a lower number of T-cell receptors on the cell surface e. they are immunodeficient.Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. T cells are differentiated into two groups based on their glycoproteins CD4 or CD8. Which of the following is true of CD4 T cells? a. They become cytotoxic T cells. b. The become antigen presenting cells. c. They become T helper cells. d. They become plasma cells.Activated helper T Cells participate in which of the following processes? a.) Differentiation of memory B cells b.) Activation of cytotoxic T Cells c.) Facilitation of macrophage phagocytosis d.) All of above
- CD1-restricted α:β T cells respond to lipid antigens of mycobacterial pathogens using all except which of the following? a. CD1a b. CD1b c. CD1c d. CD1d.Antibodies can have multiple mechanisms of action. The main mechanism is "flagging" a foreign body for phagocytosis and degradation. Another mechanism is... Select one: a. Binding of the Fc domain to T cells for cooperative antigen recognition and destruction. b. Altering the local pH by the formation of carbamate upon reaction with CO2 to denature protein antigens. c. Binding of the variable region to multiple different/distinct sites on the antigen. d. None of these. e. Binding of the antigen in regions essential for its function.Which of the following statements regarding intraepithelial lymphocytes is false? (Select all that apply.) a. They comprise approximately 10% of the cells in the mucosal epithelium. b. They are composed of both CD4 and CD8 T cells. c. They are separated from the lamina propria by a basement membrane. d. They are activated effector T cells with a narrow range of antigen specificities. e. They do not include NK cells. f. They express the α4:β7 integrin that binds to E-cadherin on epithelial surfaces.
- Identify which of the following is not a characteristic of belatacept. a. contains part of CTLA4 that binds with high affinity to B7 b. prevents delivery of second signal to naive alloreactive T cells c. contains the hinge and Fc domains of IgG1 d. interferes with alloreactive T-cell recognition of foreign MHC molecules on transplanted tissues e. facilitates complement fixation on the dendritic-cell surface f. exists as a soluble therapeutic agent.An adult who has been thymectomized will have a T-cell repertoire that _____. a. resembles a patient with DiGeorge syndrome b. is MHC-independent c. is dominated by γ:δ T cells d. fails to provide protective T-cell immunity e. is self-renewing and long lived and does not require replenishment from the thymus.Which of the following is NOT true about T cells?(a) T cells develop from lymphoid stem cells in the bonemarrow and mature in the thymus.(b) Cell-mediated immunity is primarily carried out by Tcells.(c) Subsequent differentiation of T cells produces cytotoxic(killer) T cells, delayed-hypersensitivity T cells, helper Tcells, and regulatory T cells.(d) Natural killer cells (NK) are exclusively differentiated Tcells.(e) T cells act in situations where antigens are embeddedin cell membranes or are inside host cells and thus areinaccessible to antibodies.