Which of the following is true about all markets (monopoly, oligopoly, competitive market)? Select one: O a. In all markets, firm make positive economic profits. O b. In all markets, the profit maximizing rule is MR=MC O c. In all markets, price is fixed. O d. In all markets, demand is downward sloping. Clear my choice
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- COURSE: MICROECONOMICS - Stackelberg ModelIn a given market good there are only 2 firms that satisfy the demand, and their respective total cost functions are: CTi = 400 and the demand that is estimated is P = 120 - 2QIf the exception variable of both firms is the quantity they will produce, such that the decisions to produce are made sequentially firm number 1 will be the leader who decides the quantity to produce and firm number 2 (follower) decides based on the production of firm number 1, we ask:(a) quantity produced by each firm and its equilibrium price in the market.(b) Profit of each company at equilibrium and (c) Graph your resultsCOURSE: MICROECONOMICS - Cournot Model:In the market for a given good there are only 2 firms satisfying the demand, and their respective total cost functions respond to the form: CTi = 10Qi + 5 and the demand is estimated to be: P = 31 - QIf the decision variable for both firms is that the quantity they will produce and realize will be decided simultaneously it is asked to:(a) calculate the profit and reaction function of each firmb) graph market equilibriumc) calculate the profits that both companies will obtain in equilibriumA very large number of firms with standardized products none can control price and firms are price taker. Select one: Oa. Pure competition O b. Pure monopoly c. Monopolistic competition O d. Oligopoly
- Assume that a small firm was at one point in the SR experiencing positive economic profits, because it had been able to create a niche for its particular good. Currently, this firm is selling its good at P = $39.99. It’s AFC = $14.04, and its AVC = $25.95. Given this information, answer the following questions: What is the name of this market structure? Illustrate this firm’s current situation in its market. Specifically identify/label the areas that represent total revenue, total cost, and profit/loss/break-even. Given the information provided, fully yet briefly explain what likely happened to this firm. Fully yet briefly explain how this firm might regain its economic profits E. List the two concepts related to this market structure that are sometimes considered to be controversial. Fully yet briefly explain both sides of that argument.Brand X is one of many firms in a competitive industry where each firm has a constant marginal cost of 2 dollars per unit of output. If marginal cost for Brand X rises to 4 dollars per unit and marginal costs of all other firms in the industry stay constant, by how much does the price in the industry increase? a. 2 dollars b. 1 dollar c. 0 dollar d. 2/n, where n is the number of firms in the industry e. None of the above.Question 1 (40 points) Consider a homogeneous duopoly market where two firms compete in prices. Demand is given by D 8-2p, where p is price. Marginal cost of production is 2. a)lf the individual capacity of both firms is 2, is there an equilibrium in pure strategies? If so, what are the equilibrium prices? If not, provide a proof. b) Consider then that a third firm enters the market and that all three firms have a capacity of 2. Does an equilibrium in pure strategies exist? If so, what are the equilibrium prices? If not, why not? c) Does you answer under b) change if the firms' capacities are respectively equal to 1, 2 and 3?.
- You are a profit-maximizing firm. Suppose there are two types of customers (50% of 1 type, 50% of the other) who shop in your specialty clothing store. Consumers of type R will pay __B= $80__ for a coat and __C= $ 60__ for pants. Consumers of type S will pay __D= $60__ for a coat and __E= $ 75__ for pants. Your firm faces no competition and but it does pay for the clothing, __F=$30__ per coat and __G= $ 50__ per pair of pants, i.e. MCcoat = __F= $30__ and MCpants= __G= $ 50__. You can’t price discriminate. You offer the same prices to all your customers.Suppose instead that you only offer a bundle of one coat and one pair of pants (which we would call a suit.) What is the profit-maximizing price to charge for the suit?Answer: Price for suit = $_______You are a profit-maximizing firm. Suppose there are two types of customers (50% of 1 type, 50% of the other) who shop in your specialty clothing store. Consumers of type R will pay __B= $80__ for a coat and __C= $ 60__ for pants. Consumers of type S will pay __D= $60__ for a coat and __E= $ 75__ for pants. Your firm faces no competition and but it does pay for the clothing, __F=$30__ per coat and __G= $ 50__ per pair of pants, i.e. MCcoat = __F= $30__ and MCpants= __G= $ 50__. You can’t price discriminate. You offer the same prices to all your customers.Answer True or False and then show or explain how you reached your conclusion.: Profits in Part (B) with bundling are higher than in Part (A) of this problem.Answer: ________________Need answer for part b only Zeus and Iron are the only two cement producers in Gotham. The cement they produce is essentially identical. In this market, each firm chooses the output level to produce and the price is determined by aggregate output (Cournot competition). The inverse demand for cement is given by P = 225 − Q/2 . Q is measured in tons and P is in euros. The marginal cost for Zeus is constant at 50 euros/ton. The respective cost for Iron is constant at 40 euros/ton. A technological innovation in the production process allows both firms to reduce marginal cost by 5 euros/ton. a) How much would each firm be willing to pay for the innovation, if it were the only firm to acquire it? b) Consider a situation where firms’ managers, simultaneously and non-cooperatively decide whether to acquire the innovation or not, which costs 900 euros, and then compete in quantities. What is the equilibrium of this game, based on its payoff matrix?
- Suppose that over the short run (say the next 5 years), demand for OPEC oil is given by P = 165 – 2.5q. Here q is measured in millions of barrels a day. OPEC marginal cost per barrel is $15. What is OPEC’s optimal level of production? What is the prevailing price of oil at that level? Many experts contend that maximizing short-run profit is counterproductive for OPEC in the long run because high price reduces buyers to conserve energy and spur competition and new exploration that increases the overall supply of oil. Suppose that the demand curve just described will remain unchanged only if oil prices stabilize at $65 per barrel or below. If oil price exceeds this threshold, long run demand (over a second five year-period) will be curtailed to P = 135 – 2.5q. OPEC seeks to maximize its total profit over the next decade. What is the optimum output and price policy? (assume all values are present values)In a market with a single price-making firm with total costc(y) = 2y, the industry demand is givenbyQ= 100−2p. a) Find the inverse industry demand by solving forp, then graph the inverse industry demandwith price on they-axis. b) How do you expect the price of the good to be relative to its marginal cost?c) How do you expect the Lerner Index to be in relation to 0 and 1? Will it be 0? Will it be 1? d) Find the optimal supply and the equilibrium price in this market. Does the price match yourexpectations? e) Calculate the Lerner Index and mark-up in this market. Does this match your expectationsfor the Lerner Index?Ugly Dolls Inc. (UD) is a firm in Mytown that sells its products on a market under monopolistic competition. The cost function of UD is represented by TC = 100+10Q. Lately, because of the UD is making a big amount of profit, some firms enter the market to compete. Assume that Mytown engages in free trade in the dolls markets with Yourtown, who also faces a market with monopolistic competition. Because of this we can expect that, (a) The numbers of firms operating in this market will not change. (b) At equilibrium the profit of firms will increase. (c) The quantity of types of dolls available to consumers will increase. (d) All the above answers are correct.