Which of the following is true about utility-income model? The individual prefers an uncertain outcome to a certain one with the same expected income The individual prefers the utility she would get from her expected income to th- expected utility she will get from the uncertain income The individual is risk tolerant All of the above
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- Nutritional economics. Suppose we are considering a hungry individual in the Gross-man model deciding what to have for dinner. His options are listed in Table 3.2. Each dish has an effect on the level of the home good Z and health H.a. Suppose the diner’s single-period utility function is as follows: U = 3Z + HIf the diner is trying to maximize his single-period utility, and he can only select one item from Table 3.2, which meal would he choose?b. A miracle pill is discovered that halves the negative health impact of cookies. How does this impact the diner’s choice?c. What effect does the miracle pill have on the diner’s health H? Interpret this result.Does this mean the diner would be better off without the miracle pill?d. If the diner is instead trying to maximize his lifetime utility and not just his single-period utility, how might your answer to Exercise 16(a) change? Is he likely to value Z or H more in the lifetime context than the single-period context? Explain your answer, and…Nutritional economics. Suppose we are considering a hungry individual in the Grossman model deciding what to have for dinner. His options are listed in Table 3.2. Each dish has an effect on the level of the home good Z and health H. a. Suppose the diner’s single-period utility function is as follows:U =3Z +HIf the diner is trying to maximize his single-period utility, and he can only select one item from Table 3.2, which meal would he choose? b. If the diner is instead trying to maximize his lifetime utility and not just his single period utility, how might your answer to Exercise 16(a) change? Is he likely to value Z or H more in the lifetime context than the single-period context? Explain your answer, and be sure to invoke the concept of a capital goodBetty is looking for a job. She considers job opportunities intwo cities. Bettyís utility is given by y- x, where y is the lifetime income andx is the amount spent on buying a house. The income from City 1 fluctuatesalthough the house price is stable. On the contrary, the income from City2 is stable while the house price fluctuates. If she moves to City 1, Bettycan earn a lifetime income y1 with probability alpha and 1 + y1 with probability1-alpha . The house price in City 1 is x1. Moving to City 2 means that Bettycan earn an income of y2. However, the house price is x2 with probabilitygamma and 1 + x2 with probability 1-gamma . Do the following: (a) Write down theexpected utilities associated with living in the two respective cities, i.e., V1and V2. (b) Derive the condition under which Betty chooses City 1.
- Suppose a consumer has S100 today and he tells you he is willing to wait X amount of time for another $50. The same consumer also tells you that in the future if he has $10 he ts willng to wait Y amount of time for another $50.If Y is greater than X, does the individual exhibit hyperbolic discounting, exponential discounting, or is there not enough information to determine? Briely explain your answer.Present the classical model of choice under uncertainty. What are the five assump- tions which characterize the Von-Neumann-Morgenstern expected utility repre- sentation?Economics Consider a potential criminal with a lawful income of $121. Potential loot from robbery is $75. The probability of being caught and imprisoned is 0.50 and a prison term for this type of crime is 0.33 units of time. Round to one decimal place in all calculations. Utility is given by: Utility = (income)1/2 A. Calculate the guaranteed utility from lawful income and the expected utility of committing the crime. What will the potential criminal do? Explain why. Would your answer change if there were an anguish cost of 1 util involved? Explain. B. Suppose all the information given above holds true, except there is no anguish cost. You are a city official who has some extra room in the budget to dedicate towards fighting crime. For the use of these resources, you can choose between either increasing the length of prison term for criminals to 0.595 units of time or investing in GIS technologies and improved policing strategies that will increase the probability of criminals being…
- Are the following preferences consistent with von Neumann Morgenstern’s axioms to maximize expected utility? Explain. a. You would rather have a sure $200 to a gamble with p=0.7 chance of $200, p=0.1 chance of $50, p=0.2 chance of $300. b. You prefer the gamble of p=2/3 chance of $300 and p=1/3 chance of $50 than a sure $250 win.Suppose Jessica has two choices: receive $12000 and 30 utils or take a gamble that has a 55% chance of a $20000 and 45 utils, and a 45% chance of a $0 payoff and zero utility. Assuming Jessica is a utility maximizer, what will she likely choose? a) Jessica will not take the gamble b) Jessica will take the gamble c) It cannot be determined d) Jessica is indifferentConsider an individual for whom utility is U = ln(I) There are two states of the world (G,B): Outcome G = 2000 with probability .4 Outcome B = 1000 with probability .6 W1 = 2000 L = 1000 π = .6 Option = invest $50 to lower π to .2 An insurance company is willing to offer a contract in which the individual pays a premium and gets full compensation for the loss (1000) in the bad state. a) With no insurance but the option of investing the $50, what is the utility of the individual? b) What is the first-best outcome for utility of the individual, insurance premium, and profits of the insurance company?
- Jacob is considering buying hurricane insurance. Currently, without insurance, he has a wealth of $80,000. A hurricane ripping through his home will reduce his wealth by $60,000. The chance of this happening is 1%. An insurance company will offer to compensate Jacob for 80% of the damage that any tornado imposes, provided he pays a premium. Jacob’s utility function for wealth is given by U(w) = In (w). (A) What is the maximum amount Jacob is willing to pay for this insurance? Show work and explain.A person has a 2-period utility consumption function U(c1, c2), with a budget function W = c1+c2/1+ra. Explain with pictures how one should choose c1 and c2 such that MRS(from c1 to c2) equals 1+r.b. Also explain with pictures how when the individual receives income, whileconditions at that time was a crisis.You must have learned that we cannot be always rational decision maker. Now, Tell us specifically about your experience when you made a nonrational decision making. How does this decision-making align with the satisfying model and the intuition model? (Show an example for both models) Satisficing model Intuition model