Which of the following is true regarding signaling? d. G proteins activate their target proteins by phosphorylating them a. Non hydrolyzable GTP (a modified form of GTP that cannot be converted to GDP) would keep a G protein permanently activated e. Receptor kinases inactivate themselves by exchanging ATP for ADP O c. G proteins are activated by GDP phosphorylation O b. Hydrophobic signals bind to cell surface transmembrane receptors

Which of the following is true regarding signaling? d. G proteins activate their target proteins by phosphorylating them a. Non hydrolyzable GTP (a modified form of GTP that cannot be converted to GDP) would keep a G protein permanently activated e. Receptor kinases inactivate themselves by exchanging ATP for ADP O c. G proteins are activated by GDP phosphorylation O b. Hydrophobic signals bind to cell surface transmembrane receptors

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter6: Cell Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5TYU

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A biochemist is designing a new drug that will mimic the shape and function of a particular intercellular signaling molecule. Therefore she must produce a molecule that will bind to the receptor protein and... A. produce a cellular response by altering the Na+/K+ pump located near the receptor site. B. induce a change in the receptor molecule shape, which will ultimately prevent a cellular response. C. induce a change in the receptor molecule shape, which will ultimately produce a cellular response. D. induce a change in the phospholipid bilayer that causes a polar reversal allowing the molecules to be endocytose (engulfed).
Paracrine signaling is characterized by ligands that are a. produced by the cell itself. b. secreted by neighboring cells. c. present on the plasma membrane of neighboring cells. d. secreted by distant cells.
a universal feature of cell signaling receptors is that they? a. undergo a structural (shape) change when the signal molecule is bound b. are present only in the plasma membrane c. are only ion channels d. are protein kinases e. aer only nuclear receptors
In intercellular signaling pathways, some receptor proteins can also act as a transcription factor (changing gene expression), because these receptors are ________. A) Group of answer choices B) Intracellular receptors C) Membrane bound receptors D) G protein coupled receptors E) Enzyme linked receptors F) Fast ligand-gated ion channels
The receptors for lipid-soluble signaling molecule, such as steroid hormones, are located: A) in the nucleus of the target cell B) in the cytoplasm of the target cell C) in the bloodstream D) inserted into the membrane of the target cell E) Lipid-insoluble hormones do not need receptors
Which of the following would be considered second messengers of a signaling pathway? Select one: a. A kinase enzyme b. A scaffolding protein holding three kinases c. Adenyl cyclase d. All answers are examples of second messengers e. A sugar like inositol f. Ligand gated channel
During cell signaling, binding of a ligand to the outside of a cell leads to: A. A signal being sent inside the cell B. The ligand being transported into the cell C. A and B D. None of the above
Amplification of a chemical signal occurs when? a. phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinase receptors is balanced by the immediate removal of phosphate groups by phosphatases b. a receptor in the plasma membrane activates several “first messenger” molecules while a signal molecule is bound to it c. a cAMP molecule activates one protein kinase molecule before being converted to AMP d. a receptor activates a single first messenger and a single second messenger
Which of the following signaling mechanisms is not a switch mechanism? a. Changes in phosphorylation state b. Binding of GTP c. Binding of Ca2+ ion d. Protease activity
Scaffold proteins (a) release kinases and phosphatases into the extracellular fluid (b) bind G proteins to cell membranes (c) increase accuracy but slow signaling cascades (d) organize groups of intracellular signaling moleculesinto signaling complexes (e) are transcription factors found mainly in plant cells
Which of the following are methods of cellular signaling? Select one: a. All the answers are correct. b. Connections through fibers of the ECM from one cell to another c. Ligand binding to a receptor in the cell membrane d. Desmosomes ‘pulling’ one cell to another e. Lipid or gas ligand binding to an intracellular receptor
A researcher tested Compound A on chemotaxing cells and measured the relative amount of filamentous actin found in the cells at different times. Based on the researcher’s observations on filamentous actin, what other observation regarding cell chemotaxis was MOST likely observed? A. The cell moved toward the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A. B. The cell moved away from the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A. C. The cell first moved toward and then away from the signaling molecule after the addition of Compound A. D. The cell did not move toward or away from the signaling molecule after the addition of Compound A.