Which of the following statements about dopamine is INCORRECT? a. Its generation is catalyzed by dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase. b. It is an endogenous catecholamine. c. It is derived from tyrosine. d. It directly requires BH4 in its synthesis
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- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are sometimes used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. What is their mechanism of action? a. They inhibit the breakdown of dopamine. b. They inhibit the reuptake of dopamine by glia. c. They inhibit the reuptake of dopamine by neurons. d. They inhibit the synthesis of norepinephrine from dopamine. e. They inhibit the synthesis of dopamine.Epinephrine 1) transmits information across the synapse in the brain but is 2) also released by the adrenal glands into the blood supply. Which neurochemical roles is epinephrine playing in these descriptions? A) 1) neurotransmitter and 2) neurohormone B) 1) neuromodulator and 2) neurohormone C) 1) neurohormone and 2) neuromodulator D) 1) neurotransmitter and 2) neuromodulatorWhich of these statements about catecholamines is false? a.They include norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine. b.Their effects are increased by action of the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase. c.They are inactivated by monoamine oxidase. d.They are inactivated by reuptake into the presynaptic axon. e.They may stimulate the production of cyclic AMP in the postsynaptic axon.
- Which of the following is NOT a functional or structural change that occurs in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system as a result of exposure to addictive drugs? A) Decreased baseline levels of dopamine activity, causing a decreased response to normal rewarding stimuli. B) Neural plasticity in response to drugs and drug-related stimuli decreases. C) Potentiation of synapses between glumate-releasing neurons and dopamine-releasing neurons in the VTA. D) Increased dendrite length and greater synaptic complexity in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal lobes.If a cell were to express both alpha-1 and beta adrenergic receptors what would the expected response to epinephrine/ adrenaline be ? a. Only cAMP would be released b. Both ca2+ and cAMP would be released c. The receptors would cancel each other and nothing would happen d. Only ca2+ would be released would be released.Which of the following observations can be explained by the properties of hormone receptors? a) A certain tissue can react to more than one hormone b) A certain hormone affects only a specific tissue, not all tissues c) Some tissues react very quickly to a certain hormone, other tissues take many hours to react to the same hormone
- A new antagonist molecule has been discovered that binds to and blocks plasma membrane receptors. What effect will this antagonist have on testosterone, a steroid hormone? a. It will block testosterone from binding to its receptor. b. It will block testosterone from activating cAMP signaling. c. It will increase testosterone-mediated signaling. d. It will not affect testosterone-mediated signaling.What are the synaptic effects of glycine? a. It directly stimulates glutamate receptors. b. It facilitates the effects of glutamate. c. It directly stimulates acetylcholine receptors. d. It facilitates the effects of acetylcholine.What is the similarity between the long form of the dopamine type 4 receptor and the more active form of the COMT enzyme?
- An increase in epinephrine results in: a. An increase activity of insulin. b. An increased activity of protein kinase A. c. A decreased level of cAMP. d. An increase activity of protein phosphatase.what will be the immediate effect of this inhibition On the concentration of dopamine? a) Dopamine concentration will increase. b) Dopamine concentration will decrease. c) Dopamine concentration will stay the same. After some time, a large increase in the concentration(s) of _______ will directly overcome the inhibitor molecule. a) Dopamine b) Phenylalanine c) L-DOPA and Phosphate d) Dopamine and oxygenA patient comes into a hospital emergency room sedated and non-responsive. She had been at a college party where she drank many shots of vodka. What is the most likely explanation for her behavioral and physiological symptoms? A. The alcohol increased the actions of GABA at the GABA receptor chloride channel B. The alochol increased dopamine and serotonin activity by running the transporters backwards C. The alcohol blocked the dopamine reuptake transporter D. the alcohol activated serotinin autoreceptors in the brain E. none of the above
