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- List the three traditional tools that a central bank has for controlling the money supply.2. When a central bank wants to pursue a contractionary monetary policy, it should a. increase the required reserve ratio. b. pump excess reserves into the banking system. c. decrease the required reserve ratio. d. decrease the currency ratio. When the link between M1, M2, and inflation broke down in the 1980s, many economists argued that the best policy approach was to have an explicit inflation target. The biggest problem with an explicit inflation target is a. that it requires perfect foresight on the part of the Federal Reserve because of the lagged impact of monetary policy instruments. b. determining which measure of inflation to use. c. that it puts too much emphasis on stable prices over other possible goals for monetary policy. d. determining what that target should beGiven the current balance sheet of the Federal Reserve, if the Federal Reserve buys Treasury securities through its open market operations: I. The supply of reserves will increase II. The monetary base will increase Ill. The market fed funds rate will likely decrease O A. I O B. l and Il O C. l and Ill O D. Il and Ill O E I, Il, and IlI
- Briefly, explain how money is created in a modern economy with fractional reserve banking?b. What are the Federal Reserve’s two main monetary policy goals? List the three traditional or conventionaltools of monetary policy – which is used most often?c. Outline how the Fed would respond to a recession in the U.S. As part of your answer show how Fed’s action,impact banks, the money market, and households and firms, ceteris paribus. Include the appropriate graph andequation.Breifly describe how the Fed creates bank reserves and more monetary transactions in the economy than the actual volume of currency issued by the federak reserve banks. Assume that the reserve requirment by the Fed on bank deposits is 1/10. Also assume that the bank under consideration have zero excess reserve (all ER is lent out). With fixed currency in circulation, what specific monetary policy tool can the Fed use to increase checking account deposits to 1,000 million?(A). In the 1970s when the Bank of England used monetary policy to trade off higher inflation for lower unemployment what happened ? O a. Unemployment was kept low and steady O b. There was low inflation and low unemployment O c. There was high unemployment and high inflation O d. Inflation declined but unemployment stayed high (B). For the Fed to reduce the money supply using open market operations it should ... O a. Increase the money supply. O b. Lower the minimum reserve requirement. O c. Buy treasury bills from banks. O d. Sell treasury bills to banks. (C). Which of the following is not a result of expansionary Open Market Operations? O a. Increase in the money supply. O b. Less investment spending. O c. Banks make more loans. O d. Decrease in the federal funds rate.
- Consider the model of supply and demand for central bank money. Assumethat there there are commercial banks. Suppose that people hold 20% of their moneyin currency and 80% of their money in deposits. The central bank sets the reserve-todeposit ratio at 10%. In the first period, the central bank increases the supply of moneyby $200, buying bonds through Open-Market Operations. Use this information to answerthe following questions:(a) For the second period (after the central bank has injected $200 in theeconomy), calculate: (i) the demand for currency, (ii) the amount of deposit held atthe commercial banks, (iii) the demand for reserves held at the central bank, and(iv) the demand for the high-powered money. How much is the additional moneysupply created at the end of the second period?2(b) How much is the additional money supply created at the end of the thirdperiod?(c) As time continues, additional money supply will be created. Calculatethe total increase in the money supply as a…What is the role of the Fed and the FOMC in the U.S. economy? A. The Fed is the world's central bank, and the FOMC is composed of the Fed chairman and the President of the United States. B. The Fed provides banking services to banks and governments, and the FOMC meets every six weeks to review the state of the economy. C. The Fed implements policy dictated by the White House, and the FOMC is its management committee. D. The Fed is the central bank of the United States, and the FOMC is a committee of the New York Fed.To increase the money supply, the New York Fed is directed to carry out Select one: O a. discretionary lending. O b. quantitative easing. O C. O d. anopen-market sale. O quantitative tightening
- Consider the following scenario: a. In Argentina, the central bank needs to determine by how much to increase the money supply next year. Suppose they estimate an increase in the overall economic activity (real GDP) of 2.5% percent and have a target inflation rate of 4%. The velocity of money has been observed to be constant over the past many years. By what level should the central bank change the money supply to achieve its inflation target? b. Next year, the central bank of Argentina wishes to reduce inflation to 2 percent, and estimates an increase in real GDP by 1.5 percent. What should be the change in the money supply? c. What is an "inflation tax", and how might it explain the creation of inflation by a central bank?Federal Reserve is the central bank of the United States. She conducts monetary policy with various tools.a. Many central banks share similar policy objectives. What are the objectives of the Federal Reserve? b. Suppose the Federal Reserve announces a “loose” monetary policy.What has to be done, traditionally, with an open market operation? Explain with reference to the money creation processWhat are the three instruments of monetary control? Explain. Why does the Federal Reserve prefer to use open market operations? Explain. How can the Federal Reserve use its open market operations to expand or contract the nation’s money and credit supply? Explain in some detail. Describe the workings of the Federal Open market Committee which controls monetary policy. Give a detailed account of how monetary policy works to change interest rates, aggregate demand, and the macroeconomy.
