Which of the following statements regarding retroviruses is FALSE? A)  a cellular enzyme converts the RNA genome into DNA B)  double-stranded DNA is transcribed into mRNA by cellular enzymes C)  retroviral genomes consist of positive-sense RNA D)  the virus commonly integrates into the host chromosome as a provirus E)  viral RNA enters the nucleus F)  ALL of these statements are TRUE

Q: explain the concept of signal transduction pathway and give one example in detail of a signal…

A: Introduction:- Signal transduction is the process in which a signal molecule binds to their specific…

Q: could you please draw this on an A4 paper using dots for the shading

A: This is probably a microorganism in a cullture media. The image can we clearly viewed under a…

Q: energy used during the chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP in both mitochondria and chloroplasts es…

A: Chemiosmotic model was explained by Peter Mitchell. This is applied not only to mitochondrial…

Q: why are the color and consistency of cooked meat different than that of raw meat?   a.) the…

A: The term "meat" refers to the flesh portions of animals used for nourishment. Such portions comprise…

Q: What to do if you have asthma attack How to control it in detailed

A: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, which can cause difficulty in breathing…

Q: why the therapeutic effect takes weeks to manifest while  side-effects occur immediately in tricylic…

A: Depression and anxiety are significant disorders that frequently need medical treatment. Anxiety is…

Q: In Doodlewags (hypothetical creatures), the dominant allele S causes solid coat color; the recessive…

A: Genotype of the parents: Father: RrBbAa Mother: Rrbbaa  Reason: The father is yellow, but gives…

Q: if you plant a munggo seen in a box with small amount of light entering it, what will be the…

A: Munggo is a mung bean, a small green legume commonly used in Southeast Asian cuisine. It can be…

Q: A mutation in the Ras protein could directly affect improper _____ Select one: a. cell signaling…

A: Ras protein Ras is a family of proteins that are expressed in all animal cells and organs. Ras…

Q: Why is low microbial population in milk samples a limitation for microscopic count?

A: The microorganisms present in a milk sample can be identified by performing a culture-based…

Q: You have found a plant-derived compound that interferes with microtubule assembly by binding to and…

A: Mitotic inhibitors prevent the tubulin from being assembled and disassembled into microtubule…

Q: Input .                             a) light b) odorant  c)sweet molecule  d) epinenphrine…

A: Senosry receptors are sensitive spots or specialised cells which convert stimuli from the…

Q: 1. A man has the genotype BbEE. He has brown hair and free earlobes. This man met a woman with the…

A: Mendel uncovered the fundamental laws of heredity. His experiments demonstrated that the inheritance…

Q: kindly do a research review of related study about alcohol-based hand sanitizer with an extract from…

A: Hand sanitizer is used to remove or kill bacteria present on hands. Two types of sanitizers are…

Q: Discuss three types of drug-drug interactions, and explain the links to pharmacodynamics and/or…

A: Answer : the three types of drug interactions are :    drug drug interaction: the interaction…

Q: The pH Scale 1. A substance with a pH of 4 is. acidic than a substance with a pH of 6. A. 1 B. 10 C.…

A: Introduction :  The measurement of hydrogen ion concentration present in the solution is known as…

Q: QUESTION 5 Identify the most appropriate analysis for the following study: A study tested the effect…

A: For problems involving categorization and prediction, logistic regression is frequently utilized.…

Q: provide important neurotransmitters release during this ANS? summarize only

A: Two important neurotransmitters release during autonomic nervous system are---------   1.…

Q: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disorder caused by a random change in the gene that produces the cystic…

A: Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system. It is caused by a…

Q: Geographic variation in the poison arrow frog Ranitomeya imitator illustrates that natural selection…

A: ANSWER) Poison frogs have developed adaptations in their skin by which they secrete toxins in their…

Q: The Na/K pump in epithelium cells that line the gut is an example of ______ transport and helps __…

A: The Na/K pump remain present on the outer plasma membrane of the cell. It is considered as an…

Q: What phenotypes do you think a homozygous tra1hsn animal with a gain of function mutation in the…

A: Mutation changes genotype frequencies by continually implementing new alleles, that can be…

Q: Capacitation involves the   a.   inhibition of sperm maturation and activation of acrisomal…

A: Capacitation occurs in female reproductive tract. It involves biochemical changes which helps the…

Q: What type of error will occur if starch is added too early in the Winkler analysis? A. Positive…

A: Starch is a type of carbohydrate found in many foods, including grains, potatoes, corn and rice. It…

Q: Coliform organisms are frequently isolated from clinical materials and their significance can be…

A: "Water contamination" may occur in a variety of ways, including biological and chemical…

Q: What are the types of side- interaxtions between R- that form different classes of protein chains?

A: The 20 amino acids found in proteins serve as the "R" groups' building blocks. The "R" groups are…

Q: Some non-plant organisms like the protist that spreads malaria contain a non-photosynthetic…

A: Protists are eukaryotic creatures that are neither plants, animals, nor fungi. Protists are…

Q: 2. Energy flow is a central theme throughout the study of environmental science. Consider energy…

A: Biomes: Biomes are significant because they are vast geographical units typified by a certain kind…

Q: Sponges that are unpalatable have a more limited capacity for regeneration. This is an example of a:…

A: Incumbent - A well developed species becomes extinct due to adverse condition and its vacated niche…

Q: The vp test looks for products of fermentation

A: Biochemical tests utilize the specific characteristics of bacteria to identify them accurately. Some…

Q: Can SARS CoV 2 be transmitted via milk? Support your answer.

A: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has caused a worldwide health catastrophe that has…

Q: The illustration below shows a process that occurs during meiosis. paired homologous chromosomes An…

A: Meosis is a process in which number of chromosomes reduced to half. It is usually occurs during the…

Q: Ch. 8: Which of the following is a possible symptom or outcome of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?…

A: In the case of PCOS, the ovaries produce abnormally high levels of androgens, the male sex hormones…

Q: T-cell receptor diversity is controlled by __________     a.   DNA recombination during…

A: There are two types of diversity that occurs in T cell receptors combinatorial and junctional…

Q: Matching: (23-27) Match the specialized cell/organ to its function: 23 Colloblast 24. Choanocyte 25…

A: Sponges belong to phylum Porifera, which means pore bearing species. They can not move as they are…

Q: Explain the relationship between PMI (postmortem interval) and post colonization interval.

A: Post mortem forensic report are highly important in determining the nature and time of death of the…

Q: Which of the following is an effect of pollution on nutrient cycling of polluted ecosystems? O a.…

A: One of the most common pollution on nutrient cycling of polluted ecosystems is the process of…

Q: 10. Which statement is true about gene transcription? A. Every gene that is present in the genome is…

A: Introduction: Transcription, is the process of the  making an RNA copy of a gene's present on DNA…

Q: If the sequence in the coding strand of DNA for a particular amino acid is 5'AGT3', then the…

A: We all know that central dogma is a very important phenomenon in our bodies.In this process DNA gets…

Q: Find an image of a function in Biomathematics. How is function applied in Biomathematics?

A: In contrast to experimental biology, which deals with conducting experiments to support and validate…

Q: In monkeys, the D allele produces a calm personality, while the recessive allele, d, results in a…

A: Disclaimer: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will provide the solution…

Q: Metabolism refers to chemical reactions such as photosynthesis. the process of reproduction. the…

A: There are various characteristics of living organism like, they show reproduction,…

Q: tra-abdominal infections can occur in a variety of areas along the gastrointestinal tract. Match the…

A: Pathogens entering the body create infectious illnesses. They can be categorized based on some…

Q: a b. C d- g h

A: A. Endosperm, B. Epicotyl, C. Plumule D. Hylum, E. Micropyle F. PLumule G. Hypocotyle H. Epicotyle…

Q: certain cells in the pancreas of animals produce and secrete insulin. Which of the following…

A: Insulin is a peptide hormone which is made in the beta cells of Islets of Langerhans of pancreas. It…

Q: B-cells participate in _______ immunity and produce ________. Select one: a. innate, proteasome…

A: B cells or B lymphocytes, which are produced from bursae, are important components of the adaptive…

Q: You want to determine if an individual has immunity to a particular pathogen because of vacation.…

A: The vaccination provides immunity to a particular pathogen by making antibodies against the…

Q: of pyruvate to medio *Pyruvate carboxylase, which catalyzes conversion lase, which cata…

A: “Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the first question…

Q: distal collecting tubules

A: Reptile kidneys are relatively simple in structure compared with birds and mammals. They contain…

Q: If something is said to have a pH of 13, that means O it is basic, meaning it has lots of OH- ions…

A: Solution :- The pH scale is used to signify the strength of an acid or a base. A pH value of 7…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.