Which statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 Given the numerous processes inside cells thatare regulated by changes in Ca2+ concentration, it seemslikely that Ca2+-dependent cell–cell adhesions are alsoregulated by changes in Ca2+ concentration.2 Tight junctions perform two distinct functions:they seal the space between cells to restrict paracellularflow and they fence off plasma membrane domains toprevent the mixing of apical and basolateral membraneproteins.3 The elasticity of elastin derives from its high con-tent of α helices, which act as molecular springs.4 Integrins can convert mechanical signals intointracellular molecular signals.

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.