While stuck at home in quarantine, several Bi213 students decide to conduct an experiment using their beloved cats. These students learn that a fictional gene “H" correlates with how happy their pets are to have their owners at home more frequently than usual. Cats that are homozygous dominant (HH) or heterozygous (Hh) are very happy to see their owners 24/7. While cats that are homozygous recessive (hh) are starting to miss having the house to themselves. The students collaborate with their professors to genotype the H allele in their cats by sequencing their DNA. They obtain the following data: 8 HH cats, 21 Hh cats, and 84 hh cats. The table below may be helpful. x? = Σ (Оbserved - Eapеcted)? Еxpected

While stuck at home in quarantine, several Bi213 students decide to conduct an experiment using their beloved cats. These students learn that a fictional gene “H" correlates with how happy their pets are to have their owners at home more frequently than usual. Cats that are homozygous dominant (HH) or heterozygous (Hh) are very happy to see their owners 24/7. While cats that are homozygous recessive (hh) are starting to miss having the house to themselves. The students collaborate with their professors to genotype the H allele in their cats by sequencing their DNA. They obtain the following data: 8 HH cats, 21 Hh cats, and 84 hh cats. The table below may be helpful. x? = Σ (Оbserved - Eapеcted)? Еxpected

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter5: The Inheritance Of Complex Traits

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5QP: As it turned out, one of the tallest Potsdam Guards had an unquenchable attraction to short women....

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Every Friday night, genetics student Jean Allele, exhausted by her studies, goes to the student union’s bowling lane to relax. But, even there, she is haunted by her genetic studies. The rather modest bowling lane has only four bowling balls: two red and two blue. They are bowled at the pins and are then collected and returned down thechute in random order, coming to rest at the end stop. As the evening passes, Jean notices familiar patterns of the four balls as they come to rest at the stop. Compulsively, she counts the different patterns. What patterns did she see, what were their frequencies, and what is the relevance of this matter to genetics?
For each of the following genetic topics, indicate whether it focuses on transmission genetics, molecular genetics, or population genetics. a. Analysis of pedigrees to determine the probability of someone inheriting a traitb. Study of people on a small island to determine why a genetic form of asthma is prevalent on the islandc. Effect of nonrandom mating on the distribution of genotypes among a group of animals d. Examination of the nucleotide sequences found at the ends of chromosomese. Mechanisms that ensure a high degree of accuracy in DNA replicationf. Study of how the inheritance of traits encoded by genes on sex chromosomes (sex-linked traits) differs from the inheritance of traits encoded by genes on nonsex chromosomes (autosomal traits)
Mary and Marcie. identical twins, go to the same internist who is also a faculty member at a major medical center. At their last visit, they each received a brochure describing a genetics research program recently launched by the hospital and its affiliated university. Researchers were asking for volunteers to fill out a questionnaire and a consent form, donate a blood sample, and have their medical records encoded and transferred to a database. The goal was to enroll 100,000 participants, and the brochure noted that over 10,000 people had already agreed to participate. The blood sample would be used to extract DNA. which would be encoded with the same number as the medical records. This DNA would be used to search for genes associated with conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, and Alzheimer disease. The idea is that researchers interested in studying arthritis would use the medical records to identify which participants have the condition and then use DNA from those individuals to find genetic similarities that are not present in participants who do not have arthritis. The genetic similarities help identify regions of the genome that contain genes associated with arthritis. These regions can then be studied in detail to identify and isolate genes that may be associated with arthritis and other inflammatory disorders. In exchange for enrolling, participants would be informed about any genetic conditions or predispositions to genetic disease they carry and would receive free access to testing. After discussing the brochure. Mary decided to enroll, but Marcie decided she did not want to do so. She said she did not want to know what diseases she may develop or which disease genes she may carry. At their next annual visit. Marys internist told her that because her questionnaire indicated that some relatives had Alzheimer disease, her DNA was used in a study to identify risk genes. He said she had been identified as a carrier of a gene that greatly increased the likelihood that she would develop Alzheimer disease. The physician told her that age was the greatest risk factor, and while it was not 100% certain she would become a victim of Alzheimer disease, the gene she carries is a factor in 2025% of all cases. Mary asked if there was anything she could do about these findings. The internist told her that exercise, controlling blood pressure and cholesterol levels, as well as participating in mentally challenging activities such as reading or playing a musical instrument may all help reduce her chances of developing this disease. Mary then asked if Marcie was going to be told about Marys genetic risk, and the internist said that he would not tell her. For the next few days. Mary was conflicted about the situation. Marcie was an Identical twin, and If Mary carried a gene predisposing her to Alzheimer disease. Marcie must carry the same gene. Marcie did not exercise with Mary, had high blood pressure, and little interest in reading or social activities. Mary did not know whether she should tell Marcie. If you were advising Mary, what would you say? Should she tell Marcie about the risk? Should she not tell her, but instead try to get Marcie to exercise and be more social? Should Mary ask their internist to talk with Marcie about this?
DNA sequencing of your own two β-globin genes (one from each of your two Chromosome 11s) reveals a mutation in one of the genes. given this information alone, should you worry about being a carrier of an inherited disease that could be passed on to your children? What other information would you like to have to assess your risk?
How can you use this piece of information to help you explain to your friends what is the significance of mutations in the emergence of new genetic properties (alleles) that may result (or not) in new phenotypic characteristics? (Recall that not all SNPs affect phenotype.)
Bloom syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease that exhibitshaploinsufficiency. A recent survey showed that people heterozygousfor mutations at the BLM locus are at increased risk of colon cancer.Suppose you are a genetic counselor. A young woman is referred to youwhose mother has Bloom syndrome; the young woman’s father has nofamily history of Bloom syndrome. The young woman asks whether sheis likely to experience any other health problems associated with herfamily history of Bloom syndrome. What advice would you give her?
Figure 19-18a shows a plot of P values (represented bythe dots) along the chromosomes of the dog genome.Each P value is the result of a statistical test of association between a SNP and body size. Other than the clusterof small P values near IGF1, do you see any chromosomalregions with evidence for a significant association between a SNP and body size? Explain
. Consider the genotypes of two lines of chickens: thepure-line mottled Honduran is i/i ; D/D ; M/M ; W/W, andthe pure-line leghorn is I/I ; d/d ; m/m ; w/w, whereI = white feathers, i = colored feathersD = duplex comb, d = simplex combM = bearded, m = beardlessW = white skin, w = yellow skinThese four genes assort independently. Starting withthese two pure lines, what is the fastest and mostconvenient way of generating a pure line that has coloredfeathers, has a simplex comb, is beardless, and has yellowskin? Make sure that you showa. the breeding pedigree.b. the genotype of each animal represented.c. how many eggs to hatch in each cross, and why thisnumber.d. why your scheme is the fastest and the mostconvenient
Explain, at the molecular level, why human genetic diseases oftenfollow a simple Mendelian pattern of inheritance, whereas mostnormal traits, such as the shape of your nose or the size of yourhead, are governed by multiple gene interactions.
A human gene called the β-globin gene encodes a polypeptidethat functions as a subunit of the protein known as hemoglobin.Hemoglobin is found within red blood cells; it carries oxygen. Inhuman populations, the β-globin gene can be found as the common allele called the HbAallele, and it can also be found as theHbSallele. Individuals who have two copies of the HbSallele havethe disease called sickle cell disease. Are the following examplesdescriptions of genetics at the molecular, cellular, organism, orpopulation level?A. The HbSallele encodes a polypeptide that functions slightlydifferently from the polypeptide encoded by the HbAallele.B. If an individual has two copies of the HbSallele, that person’sred blood cells take on a sickle shape.C. Individuals who have two copies of the HbAallele do nothave sickle cell disease, but they are not resistant to malaria.People who have one HbAallele and one HbSallele do not havesickle cell disease, and they are resistant to malaria. People whohave…
In one General Biology 2 class, there were 51% of the students whocould roll their tongue, having either genotype RR or Rr. What is thefrequency of the r allele?
A 30 - year - old woman was undergoing therapy for b-thalassemia,a recessive trait caused by absence of or reduced synthesis ofthe hemoglobin b chain, a subunit of the oxygen-carrying moleculein red blood cells. In this condition, red blood cells are rapidlydestroyed, freeing a large amount of iron, which is deposited in tissuesand organs. The blood transfusions the patient had received every twoor three weeks since the age of 7 to stave off anemia were furtheraggravating iron buildup. Her major organs were showing damage, andshe was in danger of death from cardiac disease. Her physician suggestedthat she consider undergoing a hematopoietic (bone marrow)stem cell transplant (HSCT). Since these stem cells give rise to redblood cells, such a transplant could potentially restore her health. Whilethis might seem like an easy decision, it is not. Advanced cases havea high risk (almost 30 percent) for transplantation-related death. At thispoint, the woman is faced with a difficult and…