Why are hamsters a suitable animal model for the study of Colonisation Factor CD0873 (oral vaccine) against clostridioides difficile ? Why hamsters and not rats/mice?

Q: what lessons from our local historical milestones in the Philippines' Public Health should have…

A: COVID-19 is produced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most people who become ill with COVID-19 will have…

Q: EXPLAIN FULLY THE NEED TO HAVE A CONCRETE HEALTH/EMERGENCY PLAN BY THE GOVERNMENT IN THE…

A: WHO considered Covid 19 as a pandemic, all the countries of the world is affected by this disease so…

Q: How does the germ theory apply to the COVID-19 pandemic? What do you think would have happened if we…

A: For many illnesses, the germ theory of disease is the widely scientifically accepted theory. It…

Q: One of the reasons why SERS-Cov2 infection causes a variety of symptoms could be originated by…

A: Angiotensin- converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an enzyme within the RAS that is expressed on the cell…

Q: Does antibiotic resistance animal/fish can be transmitted to humans?

A: Antibiotic resistance Antibiotics are the compounds that are used to kill or retard microbial…

Q: Briefly discuss how these following arthropods do its role as a vector to a living organism and the…

A: Mosquito It is the arthropod which act as a vector of a disease. Thy transmit and maintain the…

Q: what kind of experiment can prove that azithromycin (antibiotics) has has an effect of on Quorum…

A: Antibiotics are used as the first line of treatment used in fighting infections caused by bacteria.…

Q: CRISPR has been well and truly deployed in the fight against COVID-19, but what potential does it…

A: It is a powerful technology for editing gene functions, alter the DNA sequences, and modify the…

Q: Before development of a vaccine against this microbe, thedisease it caused accounted for two-thirds…

A: Meningitis is disease that causes inflammation of meninges. The meninges are the membrane that…

Q: Why are encapsolated bacteria generally more pathogenic than un-capsolated strains. a. Because…

A: The capsule is a layer of polysaccharide found outside the cell envelope of bacteria.  Capsule gives…

Q: What does PriA do? Displaces SSB proteins Primase associated with PriA Displace SSB proteins and…

A: A primosome is a protein complex responsible for creating RNA primers on single stranded DNA during…

Q: In a well-organized four-paragraph effect essay, discuss two effects the COVID-19 pandemic has had…

A: COVID-19 it is a virus which belongs to family coronaviruses (CoV). This is the…

Q: What can you say about inactivated vaccines, what underlies concerns about their use, and do you…

A: Vaccine is a typical biological preparation that helps in providing active acquired immunity to the…

Q: and efficacy data for a vaccine that is greatly needed in this region." In Africa, there have been…

A: Malaria is a disease caused by the parasites and transmitted by the mosquitoes bite.This disease…

Q: gene therapy

A: It may or may not be. But right now gene therapy to not eliminate Covid 19.

Q: List the two animals, when farmed together act as “mixing vessels” for influenza reassortment.

A: The two animals which act as "mixing vessels" for influenza reassortment are:-  PIGS AND SWINE.…

Q: You are testing whether or not there is a difference between the weights of healthy mice, and those…

A: There are two different ways of hypothesis Null hypothesis Alternative hypothesis. Null hypothesis…

Q: Between Influenza and Covid-19 name one similarity of antigenic shift and one difference between the…

A: They both have similar disease presentation,  that is they both cause respiratory disease.Secondly…

Q: How is the uk government limiting the spread of covid 19,evaluate the measures it has put into place…

A: People are asked to stay home as much as possible and avoid crowded places to follow social…

Q: an infection of HIV in a patient mutates so that it changes the genes involved in attachment, which…

A: The body’s immune system is affected by HIV which can lead to AIDS. HIV stands for human…

Q: The passage of pathogen from mother to fetus during pregnancy is an example of Transplacental portal…

A: Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by pathogenic harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria,…

Q: Give an example from the book of such evidence and how it is actually valuable to scientists, even…

A: Ans) significance of ancedotal evidence which evidences are valuabled to scientists- Multiple…

Q: The emergence of new cases of polio linked to the oral vaccine had been reported in a number of…

A: Yet some immunization efforts deliver the very rare hazard of causing polioviruses to flow into…

Q: Discuss clonal selection theory in human physiology and it's applications in rubella infection in 6…

A: Measles is caused by Rubeola virus, which belongs to the Paramyxovirus family. It is an acute…

Q: Can antibiotic resistance fish transfer the resistance to humans? Please cite an example

A: Antibiotic resistance Antibiotics are the compounds which are used against bacterial infection or…

Q: What is the Reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors? Explain with an example and describe its…

A: Question 1:  Introduction:  Reverse transcriptase (RT), also known as RNA-dependent DNA polymerase,…

Q: There are 90 percent population vaccinated in Toronto, and there is 40 percent of COVID-19 patients…

A: Introduction A vaccine is a sort of medicine that trains the body’s system in order that it can…

Q: What populations are most at risk?

A: COVID-19 pandemic first broke out in 2019 in China. Since then the disease has spread globally…

Q: Between Influenza and Covid-19 what is one similar Antigen-drift and one difference between the two

A: Antigenic Drift As a virus replicates, its genes undergo random “copying errors” (i.e. genetic…

Q: Assume you are studying the infection dynamics between a species of spider and a species of ringworm…

A:

Q: How would you safely develop a vaccine for Epidemic Typhus? In other words, how would you safely…

A: A vaccine is produced to offer active acquired immunity against specific pathogenic infections.…

Q: How is the candian government limiting the spread of covid 19, evaluate the measures it has put into…

A:

Q: For the study of colonisation factor CD0873 (oral vaccine) against clostridioides difficile, why are…

A: Hamsters are the rodents belonging to the subfamily Cricetinae. It contains 19 species which are…

Q: Why are mutations in the spike protein of special interest in regard to vaccine evasion? O Because…

A: The covid-19 pandemic has shook the entire world. The infectivity of the virus strain is of much…

Q: Consider the factors that lead to emergency of new infectious disease, which ones do you think could…

A: Corona Virus is a RNA virus that contain outer coat. It is called corona virus because when it is…

Q: What role can biology play in the fight against the Covid19 pandemic

A: COVID -19 pandemic is caused by the coronavirus, SARS -CoV-2. The virus takes entry into the host…

Q: how does the Pitzer vaccine uses cellular machinery to make the cell SARS-CoV-2 spike protein

A: Spike proteins is a large type I  transmembrane protein that is highly glycosylated as it contains…

Q: How does the germ theory apply to the Covid-19 pandemic? What do you think would have happened if we…

A: The germ theory for the disease is an accepted scientific theory that explains how diseases are…

Q: In a study, Şpraque-Dawley rats were infected with P. multocida type B2 and various characteristics…

A: Peyers patches count in grows examination for the normal rats is 90 and for infected rats it is 100

Q: Discuss Clonal Selection Theory in human physiology and its application in Rubeola Infection in a…

A: Rubeola, commonly known as measles is a disease caused by a virus named Rubeola virus. Its…

Q: What is the vaccine delivery system used in the Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine? O Fentanyl patches O…

A: Moderna COVID-19 vaccine is messenger RNA vaccine. It is also called mRNA vaccine.

Q: If you find E. coli growing in the presence of ampicillin, what are we assuming about where those 9.…

A: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the main causes of nosocomial infections in humans. It is…

Q: how does the molecular basis of antigenic variation used by the trypanosome parasite makes the…

A: Antigenic variation is a powerful survival strategy adapted by certain species of parasitic protozoa…

Q: Leber amaurosis

A: Leber amaurosis It is a eye disease that primarily affects the retina. It is an congenital disorder…

Q: A few years ago researchers identified another protein involved in cell invasion by P. falciparum,…

A: Invariant residues are the amino acid residues that are identical in all homologues of the protein.…

Q: A great concern in hospitals is the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria to generate…

A: Antibiotic resistance: when the bacteria survive in the presence of  target antibiotics  that are…

Q: MCQ --Rotarix is a vaccine indicated for the prevention of Rotavirus gastroenteritis caused by G1…

A: Amon all the given options, option (4) is not true for rotavirus.Rotarix is one of the types of…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.