Why does a young mouse maintained on a diet deficient in methionine fail to thrive unless choline is supplemented in the diet?

Q: List two ways in which glutathione functions in red blood cells.

A: Glutathione is a tripeptide which means it is composed of three amino acids, namely- glycine,…

Q: Why does the skin turn yellow when it inadvertently comes in contact with HNO3? What Happens When a…

A: Nitric acid (HNO3) is a colourless acid but upon reaction with a protein gives yellow colour due to…

Q: How many high-phosphoryltransferpotential molecules are required to synthesize…

A: The cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, a complex class of lipids in which phosphate is…

Q: Why does the enzyme reaction for chymotrypsin proceed in two phases?

A: Enzymes are the biocatalysts that increase the rate of biochemical reactions happening inside the…

Q: Why are the protein-digesting enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin secreted as the zymogen…

A: The pancreas is made of pancreatic exocrine cells. The ducts are arranged in clusters, these cells…

Q: Why are thioesters considered high-energycompounds?

A: Energy-rich compounds in cells comprise five kinds of high-energy bonds: phosphoanhydride, acyl…

Q: Why lactose cannot be used to replace IPTG?

A: Why lactose can not be used to replace IPTG? IPTG:- isopropyl thiogalactopyranoside usually mimic…

Q: Despite the absence of the glyoxylate cycle in mammals, when 14C-labeled acetate is fed to lab…

A: Glyoxylate cycle is not present in mammals, so they cannot carry out net synthesis of carbs from…

Q: Ketone bodies are exported from liver for use by other tissues. Because many tissues can synthesize…

A: Introduction: Ketone bodies are water-soluble and energy-generating compound. For Example; acetone,…

Q: How would you handle a baby with argininosuccinate synthetase deficiency? Which chemicals are…

A: Arginosuccinate synthase, also known as synthetase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of…

Q: Why are nerve cells particularly sensitive to changes in bloodglucose concentration?

A: Ans: The glucose is transported to different parts of the body by diverse mechanisms or by receptors…

Q: What properties of glucokinase allow it to phosphorylate glucose in the liver when the blood glucose…

A: Glucokinase is an enzyme that facilitates phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.…

Q: What would you expect to happen to levels of mevalonate in human plasma if an individual were to go…

A: The mevalonate used in the mevalonate/HMG-CoA pathway to synthesize cholesterol, farnesyl…

Q: Why is it essential that the mechanisms that activate glycogen synthesis also deactivate glycogen…

A: Glycogen is a polysaccharide that facilitates the energy storage functions in animals, bacteria,…

Q: Why are the essential fatty acid associated with low incidence of heart disease? Cite some clinical…

A: Fatty acids are a long chain of glycerides. Often they have vital roles in the body.

Q: Name the anabolic pathway that synthesizes fatty acids.

A: Fatty acid synthesis is the important anabolic pathway in most organisms which involves de novo…

Q: Will an amino acid be glucogenic or ketogenic if it is catabolized to the following molecules?(a)…

A: Glucogenic amino acids are the amino acids that are converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis…

Q: How a feedback mechanism, that regulates the use of cyclic phosphorylation is similar to feedback…

A: The pathway of isoleucine biosynthesis from threonine is a five-step pathway. It starts with the…

Q: Why is gluconeogenesis necessary?

A: Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose, activated when available glucose from diet and stored…

Q: Why is it advantageous that breakdown of glycogen gives rise to glucose-6-phosphate rather than to…

A: Introduction The phosphorolytic cleavage of glycogen results in the formation of glucose-6-phosphate…

Q: what is the role of amino acids in purine metabolism?

A: Purine metabolism is described as a process in which different metabolic pathways are followed so as…

Q: What is the origin of the triacylglycerols transported by very low-density lipoproteins?

A: Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) carry about 47% triglycerides and 53% cholesterol in the body.…

Q: Why are the enzymes α-Amylase and α-glucosidase active in a patient with hyperglycemia or diabetes?…

A: Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of the reaction that occurs inside the…

Q: How is methionine metabolism related to the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine?

A: Phosphatidylcholine (PC) refers to a class of phospholipids that contains choline as a major group.…

Q: Why are hemoglobin proteins made only in red blood cells and insulin proteins only in certain…

A: Genes are the hereditary components that are located on the chromosomes. They can be passed on from…

Q: What are the substrates for gluconeogenesis? What role do fatty acids play ingluconeogenesis?

A: Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from certain…

Q: How does fatty acid synthesis in plants differ from fatty acid synthesis in animals?

A: Fatty acids refer to a type of carboxylic acids that have a saturated or an unsaturated aliphatic…

Q: How many cycles of b-oxidation are required to process a fatty acid with 17 carbons?

A: A fatty acid is the simplest form of lipids that is a long chain of hydrocarbon attached to the…

Q: Individuals with phenylketonuria cannot convert phenylalanine to tyrosine. Why don’t these…

A: Inborn errors of metabolism are uncommon hereditary (inherited) disorders in which the body can't…

Q: What is the common end-product of the catabolism of the branched chain amino acids that are…

A: Amino acids are converted to the TCA cycle intermediates through transamination reactions. The TCA…

Q: What is the role of glutathione in protection against damage by reactive peroxides? Why is the…

A: Ans: Glutathione: It is the antioxidant molecule that consists of glutamine, glycine as well as…

Q: What are the thioesters in the reaction catalyzed by PDH complex?

A: Thioesters in the reaction catalysed by PDH Complex are : Acetyllipoamide AcetylCoenzyme A

Q: Is AMP an allosteric inhibitor or activator of glycogen phosphorylase in the muscle or liver

A: Muscle glycogen phosphorylase: AMP act as activator of glycogen phosphorylase -a form (active form)…

Q: Why is phenylketonuria resulting from dihydropteridine reductase deficiency a more serious disorder…

A: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare genetic condition that causes an amino acid called phenylalanine to…

Q: N -Acetylglutamate is required as a cofactor in the synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate. How is…

A: N-acetyl (NAG) glutamate is considered as a cofactor, in the synthesis of the carbamoyl phosphate,…

Q: Explain why people with a hereditary deficiency of carnitine acyltransferase II have muscle…

A: Carnitine acyltransferase II is a mitochondrial membrane protein which is transported mitochondrial…

Q: Fish living in environments such as the Arctic Ocean, wherewater temperatures are below the freezing…

A: Introduction: Antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) constitute the major fraction of protein in the blood…

Q: can acetone sometimes be detected in the breath of patients with type 1 diabetes?

A: Type 1 diabetes occurs when blood glucose level increases because of the improper or non-functional…

Q: Can a pregnant cocker spaniel (dog) synthesize prostaglandin E2 from the dietary glucose? Yes or No.…

A: Prostaglandin E2 is considered a hormone, which plays a key role to induce labor during pregnancy.…

Q: What prevents the phosphatase activity of PP1 from always inhibiting glycogen degradation?

A: Introduction: Glycogen is stored in the liver and skeletal muscle. To maintain the glucose levels in…

Q: If both cysteine residues on the B chain of insulin were changes to alanine        residues, how…

A: Insulin is made up of two chains A chain and B chain. Both the chains are linked together by two…

Q: What are the structural differences between vitamin C and sugars? Do these structural differences…

A: Vitamin C has a furanose structure with a double bond and two OH group attached to a double bond…

Q: Why are the symptoms of carnitine palmitoyl transferase II deficiency more severe during fasting?

A: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency is a condition that prevents the body from…

Q: What is the role of biotin in gluconeogenesis?

A: Gluconeogenisis is the metabolic process in which glucose was synthesized from non-carbohydrate…

Q: What are the metabolic effects of not being able to produce the M subunit of phosphofructokinase?

A: Introduction: One of the most significant glycolysis regulating enzymes is phosphofructokinase-1…

Q: How is UTP used in the formation of glycogen from glucose?

A: Glycogenesis is the pathway through which glycogen is produced from glucose to store it in the liver…

Q: How would you treat an infant who is deficient in argininosuccinate synthetase? Which molecules…

A: Argininosuccinate synthase or synthetase is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.