With the addition of rotenone to respiring cells, how can that affect the electron transfer from FADH2? Would it increase or decrease?

Q: How much free energy is released when ATP is converted toADP + Pior when AMP is converted to…

A: ATP is known as adenosine triphosphate and is the energy currency of the cell. It is composed of…

Q: Cyanide toxicity results from its ability to inhibit cytochrome oxidase c, part of the ETC of cell…

A: Introduction: Electron transport chain or system is the series of electron carriers, enzyme and…

Q: Some anaerobic prokaryotes use nitrate (NO3- ) as the terminal electronacceptor for energy…

A: Anaerobic respiration is the metabolic processes that takes place inside the cells of organisms that…

Q: If NADH acts as a NEGATIVE regulator of citrate synthase, how could this conserve oxidizable carbons…

A: Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway of the process of metabolism, where a series of chemical…

Q: From the complete oxidation of glucose (glucose > 6CO2), how may total NADH electron carriers are…

A: The metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP is known as cellular respiration.…

Q: In a single pass through of the b-oxidation pathway, what are products that can be used in a…

A: Introduction: The fatty acids present in our diet or produced through the degradation of…

Q: effect would a riboflavin deficit have on the citric acid cycle

A: Answer: 1.Citric acid cycle is the main source of energy for cells and an important part of aerobic…

Q: In the TCA cycle  What are the acetate-consuming reactions and what are the regenerating reactions?

A: The TCA cycle is a series of chemical reactions to release stored energy through the oxidation of…

Q: Briefly, explain why the transfer of electrons from NADH to the ETC results in the production of…

A: NADH and FADH2 produced during various metabolic pathway pass through ETC and reduce oxygen to…

Q: If the mitochondrial inner membrane potential was depolarized (switched from + to -), what effect…

A: Protein translocation: Protein translocation is the process in which the protein enters into the…

Q: Some organisms can anaerobically convert glycerol to pyruvate. Could homolactic or alcoholic…

A: The process of breakdown of glucose to generate the energy molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is…

Q: To reduce six molecules of carbon dioxide to one molecule of glucose via photosynthesis, how many…

A: To reduce six molecules of carbon dioxide to one molecule of glucose via photosynthesis 18 ATP and…

Q: If actively respiring mitochondria are exposed to an inhibitor of ATP-ADP translocase, the…

A: ATP is the energy currency of the cell. It is produced via oxidative phosphorylation of ADP and Pi…

Q: What is the oxidative phosphorylation coefficient? indicate the oxidative phosphorylation…

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the reaction in which electrons gets transferred from NADH or FADH2,…

Q: Why do the electrons carried by FADH2 result in less ATP production than those carried by NADH?

A: The energy emitted by the electron transport chain would ultimately be insufficient to pump protons…

Q: What is beta-oxidation? Explain how it results in ATPproduction.

A: Fatty acids are considered to be highly efficient in energy production in the body. 50 to 70% of the…

Q: How do the P/O ratios for NADH differ in ATP synthases that contain 10 and 15 c subunits?

A: The P/O or Phosphate/Oxygen ratio refers tot he amount of ATP produced from the movement of two…

Q: Digoxin, a toxin derived from the foxglove (shown), can be used to treat heart disorders such as…

A: Digoxin is a sort of cardiovascular glycoside that increases the contraction of the heart by…

Q: When the Na+/K+ ATPase is in the E1 confirmation, why is it essential to maintain the K+ binding…

A: INTRODUCTION Sodium potassium pump It is discovered in 1957 by Jens Christian soku. It is found in…

Q: why NADH yields more ATP than FADH2 does?

A: * Krebs cycle is also called as citric acid cycle and also called as tricarboxylic acid cycle is a…

Q: What is the mechanistic basis for the observation that the inhibitors of ATP synthase also lead to…

A: Inhibitors of ATP synthase such as the drug (diarylquinoline) were developed against tuberculosis.…

Q: Why does mitochondrial NADH yields more ATPs than cytosolic NADH?

A: NADH is also called a reduced compound. NADH molecules are generated inside the cell through…

Q: Given the roles of NAD*/NADH in dehydrogenation reactions and NADPH/NADP+ in reductions, as…

A: The [NAD+]/[NADH] system mainly functions in oxidation of the substrates. Therefore, the…

Q: Show that the free energy change for the succinate dehydrogenase reaction catalyzed by Complex II is…

A: The complex II in electron transport chain is called as succinate dehydrogenase, the complex II…

Q: How in the respiratory chain do electrons from FADH2 and NADH2 passing through cytochromes liberate…

A: Cytochromes a, b and c are present in the mitochondria. Cytochromes a and b are the integral…

Q: What is the effect of adding cyanide to the DNOC-stimulated electron-transport chain?

A: The electron transport chain, abbreviated as ETC is a series of transfer of elections from one…

Q: If oxygen is not available for the electron transport chain, how is the Krebs cycle affected? What…

A: Aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria and requires oxygen and glucose, and produces…

Q: How many ATPs are synthesized for every cytoplasmic NADH reducing equivalent that is transferred…

A: The malate-aspartate shuttle is a biochemical system for translocating electrons produced during…

Q: When rotenone is added to actively respiring mitochondria,the ratio of NADH to NAD+ increases, but…

A: Rotenone is an odorless, crystalline isoflavone used as broad spectrum insecticide, pesticide, and…

Q: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in chloroplasts uses NADPH to participate in the synthesis…

A: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in the gluconeogenesis pathways utilizes NADH which…

Q: Please briefly explain the ATP_modulated actomyosih cycle.

A: Every myosin motor protein has ATPase activity and works in a periodic fashion, with ATP binding and…

Q: How is the malate shuttle used in the liver to increase the number of ATP generated from glycolysis?…

A: Malate aspartate shuttle is used to transfer reducing products with in the mitochondria and…

Q: How does the presence of cristae in the mitochondrial membrane increase the productivity of aerobic…

A: In eukaryotes, the aerobic stages of cellular respiration take place in cellular organelle named…

Q: In vivo, ATP is usually bound to magnesium or manganese ions. Why is this the case?

A: Adenosine triphosphate or ATP is a molecule that carries energy within cells. It is the main energy…

Q: Fumarate produced in step 6 of the citric acid cycle must have a trans double bond to continue on in…

A: The citric acid cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that uses acetyl-CoA to form ATP, NADH,…

Q: What would be the effect on an organism’s ability to use glucose as an energy source if a mutation…

A: The enzyme glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) performs the hydrolytic cleavage of glucose 6-phosphate…

Q: the energetic consequences of the TCA cycle

A: Each round of the cycle oxidizes one acetate group. For each acetyl group, a AG" of -40kJ/mol is…

Q: If actively respiring mitochondria are exposed to an inhibitor of ATPADP translocase, the…

A: Introduction ATP-ADP translocase is a transport protein that acts as an antiporter of ATP and ADP.…

Q: What will happen to the proton (H+ions) gradient in the mitochondria if the ATP synthase is blocked?

A: The free energy released during the oxidation of glucose to CO2 is retained in the NADH and FADH2…

Q: During oxidative phosphorylation: H+ are actively transported from __ to __? How does this process…

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is also known as electron transport chain (ETC). It occurs in the matrix…

Q: Which complexes of the electron transport system are able to catalyze the synthesis of ATP from ADP…

A: The electron transport chain includes an array of protein complexes that allow the transfer of…

Q: At which site in the mitochondrion and chloroplast do the ATPmolecules collect after being made by…

A: The respiratory chain is the final “processing mill” for electrons and protons. Overall, the…

Q: In the PDH reaction alone, we can see cofactors that come from four different vitamins. What are…

A: Pyruvate oxidation is a key regulatory metabolic reaction that connects glycolysis with the citric…

Q: Can an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation inhibit electron transport from one component of the…

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process in which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of…

Q: If the pyruvate is labelled with 14C at its carbonyl carbon, how many rounds of the TCA cycle are…

A: Glycolysis is the primary biochemical pathway of cellular respiration that involves the conversion…

Q: How many ATP are produced when 3 moles of FADH2 enter the electron transport chain?

A: The electron transport chain is a set of four protein molecules that link redox processes to create…

Q: Uncoupling agents are proteins spanning the inner mitochondrial membrane that allow protons to pass…

A: An uncoupler, also known as an uncoupling agent, is a chemical that disturbs oxidative…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.