Write a function, to be included in a sorted linked list class, called smaller, that will receive an item parameter. The function will return how many nodes in the list contain a value that is smaller than the parameter. Consider efficiency !
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Types of Linked List
A sequence of data elements connected through links is called a linked list (LL). The elements of a linked list are nodes containing data and a reference to the next node in the list. In a linked list, the elements are stored in a non-contiguous manner and the linear order in maintained by means of a pointer associated with each node in the list which is used to point to the subsequent node in the list.
Linked List
When a set of items is organized sequentially, it is termed as list. Linked list is a list whose order is given by links from one item to the next. It contains a link to the structure containing the next item so we can say that it is a completely different way to represent a list. In linked list, each structure of the list is known as node and it consists of two fields (one for containing the item and other one is for containing the next item address).
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- There’s a somewhat imperfect analogy between a linked list and a railroad train, where individual cars represent links. Imagine how you would carry out various linked list operations, such as those implemented by the member functions insertFirst(), removeFirst(), and remove(int key) from the LinkList class in this hour. Also implement an insertAfter() function. You’ll need some sidings and switches. You can use a model train set if you have one. Otherwise, try drawing tracks on a piece of paper and using business cards for train cars.Implement a program that creates an unsorted list by using a linked list implemented by yourself. NOT allowed to use LinkedList class or any other classes that offers list functions. It is REQUIRED to use an ItemType class and a NodeType struct to solve this. Use C++! The “data.txt” file has three lines of data 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160 100, 130, 160 1@0, 2@3, 3@END You need to create an empty unsorted list add the numbers from the first line to list using putItem() function. Then print all the current keys to command line in one line using printAll(). delete the numbers given by the second line in the list by using deleteItem() function. Then print all the current keys to command line in one line using printAll().. putItem () the numbers in the third line of the data file to the corresponding location in The list. For example, 1@0 means adding number 1 at position 0 of the list. Then print all the current keys to command line in one line…Implements clone which duplicates a list. Pay attention, because if there are sublists, they must be duplicated as well. Understand the implementation of the following function, which recursively displays the ids of each node in a list def show_ids(M, level=0): k = M.first_node while k is not None: print(" "*2*level, id(k)) if (str(k.value.__class__.__name__) == str(M.__class__.__name__)): show_ids(k.value, level+1) k = k.next W=L2(Node(10, Node(L2(Node(14, Node(15, Node(L2(Node(16, Node(17))))))), Node(20, Node(30)))) )show_ids(W) Develop your solution as follows: - First copy the nodes of the current list (self) - Create a new list with the copied nodes - Loop through the nodes of the new list checking the value field - If this field is also a list (use isinstance as in the show_ids function) then it calls clone on that list and substitutes the value. Complete the code: def L4(*args,**kwargs): class L4_class(L):…
- Consider the implementation of the Ordered Linked list class, implement the following functions as part of the class definition: ▪ index(item) returns the position of item in the list. It needs the item and returns the index. Assume the item is in the list. ▪ pop() removes and returns the last item in the list. It needs nothing and returns an item. Assume the list has at least one item. ▪ pop_pos(pos) removes and returns the item at position pos. It needs the position and returns the item. Assume the item is in the list. ▪ a function that counts the number of times an item occurs in the linked list ▪ a function that would delete the replicate items in the linked list (i.e. leave one occurrence only of each item in the linked list) Your main function should do the following: ▪ Generate 15 random integer numbers in the range from 1 to 5.▪ Insert each number (Item in a node) in the appropriate position in a linked list, so you will have a sorted linked list in ascending order.▪…Implements clone which duplicates a list. Pay attention, because if there are sublists, they must be duplicated as well. Understand the implementation of the following function, which recursively displays the ids of each node in a list Develop your solution as follows: First copy the nodes of the current list (self) Create a new list with the copied nodes Loop through the nodes of the new list checking the value field If this field is also a list (use isinstance as in the show_ids function) then it calls clone on that list and substitutes the value. Complete the code: def L4(*args,**kwargs): class L4_class(L): def clone(self): def clone_node(node): return <... YOUR CODE HERE ...> r = <... YOUR CODE HERE...> return r return L4_class(*args,**kwargs)Write a function, to be included in a sorted linked list class, called printPosition, that will receive a T parameter and print its position within the list ( position 1 if in first node, position 2 if in second…). If the item is not in the list, specify it in a printing. Consider efficiency.
- Write a function that changes the places of the first and second nodes of a linked list. I.e. the First node will become the second node, and the second node will become the first node. THE FUNCTION WILL NOT EXCHANGE DATA, IT WILL CHANGE LINKS.Given the MileageTrackerNode class, complete main() to insert nodes into a linked list (using the InsertAfter() function). The first user-input value is the number of nodes in the linked list. Use the PrintNodeData() function to print the entire linked list. DO NOT print the dummy head node. Ex. If the input is: 3 2.2 7/2/18 3.2 7/7/18 4.5 7/16/18 the output is: 2.2, 7/2/18 3.2, 7/7/18 4.5, 7/16/18 main.cpp #include "MileageTrackerNode.h"#include <string>#include <iostream>using namespace std; int main () { // References for MileageTrackerNode objects MileageTrackerNode* headNode; MileageTrackerNode* currNode; MileageTrackerNode* lastNode; double miles; string date; int i; // Front of nodes list headNode = new MileageTrackerNode(); lastNode = headNode; // TODO: Read in the number of nodes // TODO: For the read in number of nodes, read // in data and insert into the linked list // TODO: Call the PrintNodeData() method // to…Given the MileageTrackerNode class, complete main() to insert nodes into a linked list (using the InsertAfter() function). The first user-input value is the number of nodes in the linked list. Use the PrintNodeData() function to print the entire linked list. DO NOT print the dummy head node. Ex. If the input is: 3 2.2 7/2/18 3.2 7/7/18 4.5 7/16/18 the output is: 2.2, 7/2/18 3.2, 7/7/18 4.5, 7/16/18 #include "MileageTrackerNode.h"#include <string>#include <iostream>using namespace std; int main (int argc, char* argv[]) {// References for MileageTrackerNode objectsMileageTrackerNode* headNode;MileageTrackerNode* currNode;MileageTrackerNode* lastNode; double miles;string date;int i; // Front of nodes listheadNode = new MileageTrackerNode();lastNode = headNode; // TODO: Read in the number of nodes // TODO: For the read in number of nodes, read// in data and insert into the linked list // TODO: Call the PrintNodeData() method// to print the entire linked list //…
- Suppose that you have a singly linked list with five nodes and with head reference. Then the statement head = head.next will remove the first node of the linked list? a) true b) falseAdd a new public member function to the LinkedList class named reverse() which reverses the items in the list. You must take advantage of the doubly-linked list structure to do this efficiently as discussed in the videos/pdfs, i.e. swap each node’s prev/next pointers, and finally swap headPtr/tailPtr. Demonstrate your function works by creating a sample list of a few entries in main(), printing out the contents of the list, reversing the list, and then printing out the contents of the list again to show that the list has been reversed. Note: your function must actually reverse the items in the doubly-linked list, not just print them out in reverse order! Note: we won't use the copy constructor in this assignment, and as such you aren't required to update the copy constructor to work with a doubly-linked list. This is what I have so far but its not working! template<class ItemType>void LinkedList<ItemType>::reverse(){ Node<ItemType>*curPtr,*prev,*next;…Using java, write an easier version of a linked list with only a couple of the normal linked list functions and the ability to generate and utilize a list of ints. The data type of the connection to the following node can be just Node, and the data element can be just an int. You will need a reference like (Java) or either a reference to the first node, as well as one to the last node. (Answer the following questions) 1) Create a method or function that accepts an integer, constructs a node with that integer as its data value, and then includes the node to the end of the list. If the new node is the first one, this function will also need to update the reference to the first node. This function will need to update the reference to the final node. Consider how to insert the new node following the previous last node, and keep in mind that the next reference for the list's last node should be null. 2) Create a different method or function that iteratively explores the list, printing…