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A computing system is composed of two servers that are mirrors of each other (for
redundancy, so if one fails, it can be restored from the other). Assume that each server
has an expected MTBF of 500 hours and its continuous uptimes (the average of which
is MTBF) follow an Exponential Distribution. Furthermore, assume that when a server
fails, it takes exactly 10 hours to restore the data from the mirror.
(a) Write a
times for each server over 20 years. You can assume it is always exact 24 hours per day
and exact 365 days per year.
Step by step
Solved in 6 steps with 3 images
- Give an example of a time when a user's complete denial of a service (when the user gets no response from the computer) caused them a big problem. Another example of how a 10% denial of service is a big problem for a user is given. In this case, the user's calculations move forward, but at a rate that is 10% slower than usual. Illegal access to a computer system could cause 10% of the legitimate users of that computer system to not be able to use it. If so, what steps would you take?Suppose you’re consulting for a bank that’s concerned about fraud detection, and they come to youwith the following problem. They have a collection of n bank cards that they’ve confiscated, suspectingthem of being used in fraud. Each bank card is a small plastic object, containing a magnetic stripe withsome encrypted data, and it corresponds to a unique account in the bank. Each account can have manybank cards corresponding to it, and we’ll say that two bank cards are equivalent if they correspond to thesame account.It’s very difficult to read the account number off a bank card directly, but the bank has a high-tech “equivalence tester” that takes two bank cards and, after performing some computations, determines whether theyare equivalent.Their question is the following: among the collection of n cards, is there a set of more than n/2 of themthat are all equivalent to one another? Assume that the only feasible operations you can do with the cardsare to pick two of them and plug them…Consider a computer system to which two types ofcomputer jobs are submitted. The mean time to run eachtype of job is m1. The interarrival times for each type of jobare exponential, with an average of li type i jobs arrivingeach hour. Consider the following three situations. a Type 1 jobs have priority over type 2 jobs, and pre-emption is allowed. b Type 1 jobs have priority over type 2 jobs, and nopreemption is allowed.c All jobs are serviced on a FCFS basis.Under which system are type 1 jobs best off? Worst off?Answer the same questions for type 2 jobs.
- Give an example of a situation in which the total denial of a service to a user (the user receiving no response from the computer) presents a big problem for that user. Another example is offered in which a 10% denial of service (that is, the user's calculation advances but at a 10% slower rate than usual) is a severe problem for that user. Illegal access to a computing system might result in a 10% denial of service to legitimate users of that computing system. If that's the case, how would you go about doing it?The use of information flow measurements may be utilized to inhibit the spread of viruses and other malware. Given that Anne has a VA of 4, Bill has a VB of 2, and Cathy has a VC of 3, we may calculate the following: Anne develops a virus-infected software called P. Cathy performs P, which causes Q to be written to. Is Bill able to perform Q (assumedly in order to generate R)? Who has the authority to carry out Q? Who has the authority to execute R?Suppose that a disk drive has 5,000 cylinders, numbered 0 to 4,999. The drive is currently serving a request at cylinder 2,150, and the previous request was at cylinder 1,805. The queue of pending requests, in FIFO order, is: 2,069 1,212 2,296 2,800 544 1,618 356 1,523 4,956 3,681 Calculate the total seek time for each of the schedules TOTAL DISTANCE TOTAL SEEK TIME FCFS SSTF SCAN LOOK C-SCAN C-LOOK
- Suppose that a disk drive has 6,000 cylinders, numbered 0 to 5999. The drive is currently serving a request at cylinder 3797, and the previous request was at cylinder 1375. The queue of pending requests, in FIFO order, is: 1589, 5474, 2104, 1350, 4336, 3678, 1697, 1780, 3794, 3982, 2508 Starting from the current head position, what is the total distance (in cylinders) that the disk arm moves to satisfy all the pending requests for each of the following disk-scheduling algorithms? Show the calculation result Show the sequence of the position of the head and calculation steps 1. SSTF 2. SCANGive an example of a situation in which a user's total denial of service (i.e., the user gets no response from the computer) poses a serious problem for that user. Another case in which a 10% denial of service (the user's computation continues, but at a 10% slower rate than usual) is a severe problem for that user is explained below. Illegal access to a computer system might result in a ten percent denial of service to legitimate users of that computer system. If that's the case, how would you go about doing it?An old encryption system uses 20-bit keys. A cryptanalyst, who wants to brute-force attack the encryption system, is working on a computer system with a performance rate N keys per second. a- How many possible keys will be available in the above encryption system? b- What will be the maximum number of keys per second (N) that the computer system is working with, if the amount of time needed to brute-force all the possible keys was 512 milli seconds? Show you detailed calculations.
- Using a pseudo random number generation function (e.g., rand() in C or otherequivalent functions in other languages) that generates uniformly distributed randomnumbers, generate a workload for a system that is composed of 1000 processes. Youcan assume that processes arrive with an expected average arrival rate of 2 processesper second that follows a Poisson Distribution and the service time (i.e., requestedduration on the CPU) for each process follows an Exponential Distribution with anexpected average service time of 1 second. Your outcome would be printing out a listof tuples in the format of <process ID, arrival time, requested service time>.You can assume that process IDs are assigned incrementally when processes arriveand that they start at 1.Based on your actual experiment outcome, also answer the following question: whatare the actual average arrival rate and actual average service time that were generated?Consider the following snapshot of a system: Allocation Max Available A B C D A B C D A B C D T0 3 1 4 1 6 4 7 3 2 2 2 4T1 2 1 0 2 4 2 3 2T2 2 4 1 3 2 5 3 3T3 4 1 1 0 6 3 3 2T4 2 2 2 1 5 6 7 5 Answer the following questions using the banker’s algorithm: Illustrate that the system is in a safe state by demonstrating anorder in which the threads may complete. If a request from thread T4 arrives for (2, 2, 2, 4), can the request begranted immediately? If a request from thread T2 arrives for (0, 1, 1, 0), can the request begranted immediately? If a request from thread T3 arrives for (2, 2, 1, 2), can the request begranted immediately? Given six memory partitions of 100 MB, 170 MB, 40 MB, 205 MB, 300 MB, and 185 MB…Consider the following snapshot of a system: ALLOCATION MAX AVAILABLE A B C D A B C D A B C D P0 3 2 1 4 3 4 2 7 4 4 3 1 P1 2 5 4 3 4 7 7 6 P2 3 1 1 2 5 3 2 3 P3 2 4 2 3 2 5 3 5 P4 4 2 3 2 6 3 6 3 Answer the following questions using the banker’s algorithm: Illustrate that the system is in a safe state by demonstrating an order in which the processes may complete. If a request from process P4 arrives for (2,2,1,1), can the request be granted immediately? If a request from process P1 arrives for (1,1,3,1), can the request be granted immediately?