Muscular Dystrophy Essay

this lab, the focus was to study muscular fitness. In muscular fitness, there are two main components of measurements that are being taken, which are muscular strength and muscular endurance. Muscular strength is an individual’s ability to exert their maximum force. To test muscular strength, there are multiple tests such as 1 RM , Static Handgrip Strength, and Back Strength Dynamometer test. Muscular endurance is an individual’s ability to sustain prolonged muscular contractions. Tests that reveal

In a healthy person, muscle contraction and movement is cause by a series of events coming from the brain, going to the neuromuscular junction (the place between the nerve ending and the muscle fiber), into the synapse, and into sodium ion channels. The way muscle movement is supposed to work is with a starting action potential from the brain. Once the signal reaches the neuromuscular junction, it causes voltage gated calcium ion channels to open up and calcium comes flooding in. Inside the neuromuscular

Imagine you are a 78-year-old man. A beloved professor from Brandeis University. Day by day, take notice of the increased difficulty of breathing, more so than the usual out-of-breath feeling from climbing a flight of stairs. About two or three weeks later, you start to feel muscles in your body cramping up, even while partaking in slight activity. After various testing, your results come back you have ALS, short for Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also known as

There are many sports which require to perform sprints, jumps, or to have good agility. Tennis is not an exception because in order to be a professional tennis player it requires to have combination of all those skills. While reading this chapter, I learned that the term which combines all of those elements is called “The stretch shortening cycle”. This term describes the action when the muscle is stretched, and it is immediately followed by shortening the same muscle. However, there are couple of

The recovery from illness or injury often requires otherwise healthy humans to undergo a period of muscle disuse (e.g. bed rest or limb immobilization). A major consequence of disuse is skeletal muscle atrophy. The ensuing impairments in muscle function, metabolic rate and insulin sensitivity, and accrual of body fat mass following two or more weeks of muscle disuse have been well documented. Studies investigating muscle disuse atrophy generally employ relatively long experimental periods, ranging

The canonical Smad pathway involves the Smad proteins of which there are three classes: the R-Smads which are mediated by specific receptors, the common mediator Smads (Co-Smad) and the inhibitory Smads11,15. The Smad2 and 3 proteins are specific to the TGF-β signalling pathway whereas Smad1, 5 and 8 are specific to the BMP-2 signalling pathway15. Within the TGF-β pathway, receptor-regulated Smad2 and Smad3 proteins are phosphorylated by the TGFβRII with both Smads forming complexes with Smad4, a

Skeletal muscles allow us to move our bodies. They are composed of three different types of muscle fibers; slow-twitch (type 1), fast-twitch oxidative fibers (type 2a), and fast-twitch glycolytic fibers (type 2b). Slow-twitch muscle fibers contract the slowest out of all of the muscle fibers. This is because they do not have a large amount of myosin ATPase and therefore, cannot split ATP at a fast rate. This slow contraction causes them generate much less force than fast-twitch muscle fibers (Silverthorn

into skeletal muscle and cardiac (heart) muscle. Regardless of the type, all muscles share the following basic properties. The muscular system makes up nearly half the weight of the human body. The muscles provide the forces that enable the body to move. Muscles stretch across joints to link one bone with another and work in groups to respond to nerve impulses. The muscular system is responsible for the movement of the human body. Attached to the bones of the skeletal system are about

Muscular endurance is the capability to move one’s part of the body repeatedly without being affected by fatigue. People who participate in games that require having to sustain or repeatedly do an action for a long period of time need to have good muscular endurance in order to be successful and do what they need to do in order to win without becoming weary. Badminton players will need to have a high degree of muscular endurance in order to maintain a good performance throughout the whole match,

A Deeper Look into the Fascinating World of the Cricket 1.What does it eat? Crickets eat pretty much everything. They are omnivores and their diet depends on what is in their vicinity. Crickets eat rotting plant material, leaves, fungi, fruit, insects -- sometimes even walls and clothing. As a last resort, crickets can turn to cannibalism in order to survive due to the lack of food. 2.How does it eat? The mouth of the cricket is made up of four different parts; labrum, labium, maxillae, and