Andes virus

(Doll, Raman, Dey, & Burkhard, 2012). Virus and virus-like particles, due to their multiple capsid sites, allow for the addition of peptides and the manipulation of their genetic material and protein subunits (Strable & Finn, 2009). Scientists, as they learn more about the production and alteration of these particles, have discovered their true chemical flexibility and ability to assemble into useful nanotechnologies. As a result of these unique qualities, virus-like particles are key particles in

mainly affected by the H5N1 virus where the disease is enzootic. A loss of 0.4% change in GDP occurred in South Asian region due to Avian influenza outbreaks (World Bank, 2006). The current control strategies against Avian Influenza are stamping and vaccination. Both these policies suffer from various drawbacks. The stamping out policy leads to loss of genotype, which will results in selection of low disease resistance birds and selection of high virulent virus. Stamping out policy disrupts

Graduating from The University at Albany’s Biology program provides a wide selection of job opportunities upon leaving college. While students have the option of picking from a B.A. or a B.S., the focus of a B.S. in biology has more scientific purposes. Graduation requirements are difficult, but certainly not impossible, requiring 67-68 credits over 4 years. These credits include 36 biology credits, 16 chemistry credits, 8 math credits and 8 physics credits. The job opportunities that become open

Since scientists started using a virus as the carrying molecule, the virus has shown considerable effectiveness on the cells that is inserted into; however, repeated doses are necessary. Some commonly used viruses are “Retroviruses, Adenoviruses, Adeno-associated viruses, and Herpes simplex viruses” (2). The primary virus used in gene therapy is the “adenoassociated virus” (AAV), because they are able to “insert their genetic material at a specific

infected unlike any other. Not to mention, the progression of this illness was extremely quick. One minute you’re fine and the next you’re suffering from a high-grade fever and lying on your death bed. Unlike the influenza virus that many are familiar with today, this form of the virus targeted -- and killed -- the young and healthy. This to me was an interesting fact as it is more common that viruses affect those who are elderly, pregnant, under the age of five, or suffer from chronic

Canine Distemper: very contagious disease caused by a virus that attacks the gastrointestinal, nervous and respiratory system of adult and pediatric dogs. Transmission of distemper is via airborne and contaminated objects. Symptoms include nasal discharge, fever, inappetence, coughing, vomiting and lethargy. Canine coronavirus: highly contagious intestinal disease. The common source for coronavirus is through exposure to feces from an infected dog. The symptoms are rare, although, some dogs will

The multi-step inhibition mechanism of PIs can result in complex mutation pathways that lead to PI resistance in HIV-1. The cause of virological failure in patients taking PIs are drug resistance mutations outside the active site of HIV-1 protease, but rather throughout the matrix and capsid proteins of the Gag polyprotein in HIV-1. While the mutational pathway that leads to resistance to PIs in HIV-1 is not yet fully understood, mutations in Gag polyproteins have been shown to be associated with

morphologically similar to murine oncogenic polyomavirus (PyV) and they come up a common ancestor to the monkey virus (SV40), whose transformative activity has been associated to human mesothelioma [Frisque et al., 1984; Shah, 2007]. Recently several studies have led to the identification of new family members Polyomaviridae [White et al., 2013]. In 2007 a molecular screening study that was checking virus in nasopharyngeal drawings of children with respiratory tract infections, led to identification of a new

Influenza Virus Structure: The influenza virus looks like a sphere covered with spike like proteins for grip ready to latch on to a healthy human cell. “The H spike (hem agglutinin) and the N spike (neuraminidase) are called proteins and exist in the envelope and they are used for antigenic typing” (Pearson 2004). These proteins allow the virus to enter and exit the host (our cells). Once the virus is inside the cell, the virus can begin reproducing. Soon, each infected cell is filled with thousands

Rubella virus, which is also known as German Measles causes a bright red rash on the surface of the skin, slight fever, and swollen lymph nodes. This virus in an enveloped virus (has an envelope on the outside). It has genetic material on the inside, then a capsid, and finally an envelope. Unlike many viruses, rubella has no integument between the capsid and envelope. An integument is a bunch of proteins that lines the space between the capsid and envelope. The rubella virus is 40 to 80 nm in a spherical