Base pair

Effect of Salt Contamination on Muds Common contaminants, sources, and treatments The most common contaminants to water-based mud systems are: • Solids (added, drilled, active, inert) • Gypsum/anhydrite (Ca2+) • Cement/lime (Ca2+) • Makeup water (Ca2+, Mg2+ ) • Soluble bicarbonates and carbonates (HCO3−, CO32-) Soluble sulfides (HS−, S2-) Salt/salt water flow (Na+, Cl−) Solids contamination Solids are materials that are added to make up a mud system (bentonite, barite) and materials that are drilled

Set up the titration apparatus as indicated by your teacher 2. Place 1250 ml beaker containing 75 ml HCl underneath the buret (buret already set up with the volume recorded) for titration and apparatus. 3. Record the initial volumes of the acid and base to the nearest 0.1 ml and record HCl volume of 75 ml 4. Add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein into your beaker of acid

When we tested the solubility of the starting materials, we found that all of our starting materials were soluble in hexanes, ethyl acetate, and acetone, which makes sense because all of these solutions are organic materials, so the starting materials should form London dispersion forces with them all, and the reaction should occur. Enthalpy should not care about whether the reaction occurs or not because either way it has London dispersion forces, but entropy would drive the reaction because it

The purpose of the experiment was to determine how a buffer works and how to use an acid-base indicator. The way a buffer works was determined by observing the changes in pH of solutions of different concentrations weak acids and their conjugate bases to determine how a buffer affects the pH change. The solution of 10 mL of 0.20 M CH3COOH and 10 mL of 0.20 M CH3COONa had slighter changes in pH than the solution of 10 mL of 0.0020 M CH3COOH and 10 mL of 0.0020 M CH3COONa. Both of these solutions were

Figure 1 shows the 1H magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra of Nafion membrane heated at 80 °C for many hours, and then swollen in water (labeled as Nafion-Xh, where X is the heat treatment duration in hours). In the spectra, the three groups of signal were detected between 4 and 7 ppm. The peak at 4.8 ppm was assigned to water on the surface of the membrane (designated as surface water), because its chemical shift was the same with that of bulk water27. The peak at ~5.7 ppm for fresh Nafion (Nafion-0h)

types of compounds. The colours are different depending on what substance you are testing. The colours that we discovered in the pH scale are pink, red or orange. As for bases the colour was either light or dark green sometimes yellow. The colours for neutral, were violet or purple.In real life we are exposed to acids and bases everyday. For example, citric acid is in lots of citrus foods such as lemons, oranges and grapefruits. It is also added to foods for flavouring, non perishable, and cleaning

NaOH that were added from the burette is 0.00327 moles (one tablet of Gaviscon). However, the actual number of moles of calcium carbonate in a Gaviscon tablet is 0.0019 moles, but for Quick-eze, the number of moles is 0.0079 moles (actual amount of base in both tablets). This means that the number of moles added from the burette was more compared to the actual amount, which affects the accuracy of the results. However, these results are somewhat precise because of the minor difference between the

this lab, the pH of seven different substances and solutions were tested both before and after the addition of multiple drops of acid (HCl), or base (NaOH). Depending on the variation of the affected pH from the original, the buffer range of the substance could be calculated by finding the average pH fluctuation, both with the added acid and the added base. As shown in the graph above, the buffer is labelled in dark blue, and the average pH fluctuation from the original was only 1.12. This low pH

and most accurately shows the pH before the evolution, how it slowly increases, spikes up and then levels off again. The first trial only shows the strong base part of the graph, and the second trial was better than the first, but the smaller interval on the third trial most accurately represents a titration curve for a strong acid and strong base. 8. The graph for trial 3 does not match the exact graph sketched in the pre-lab as it does not accurately show the equivalence point. The curve sketched

The Effect of Antacid Brand on the Number of Drops It Takes to Neutralize a Solution of HCl Problem: What brand of antacid requires the fewest number of drops to neutralize a solution of HCl? Hypothesis: If different antacids are added to HCl, milk of magnesia will take the fewest drops to neutralize HCl. Materials: Water HCl Milk of magnesia Mylanta Care one liquid antacid Universal indicator Pipette Graduated Cylinder 4 test tubes Procedures: Get four test tubes. Label them A, B, C, and H20