Cognitive bias

Negotiations: Reflection Report Negotiations are pivotal in everyday life; however, it is in politics and business where negotiations have the capacity to shape the history and economic future of a society. This reflective report is a citation of one of negotiation simulation I have been part of my organization in recent month. This reflective report will first appraise current learning against personal experience in a multi-party business negotiation. Specifically, I compare and contrast the various

Cognitive dissonance can be described as the feeling of discomfort resulting from holding two conflicting beliefs. It can also be said to be the mental conflict that occurs when beliefs or assumptions are contradicted by new information. A well-known psychologist Leon Festinger (1919–89), introduced this concept in the late 1950s where he proved that, when confronted with challenging new information; most people are observed to preserve their current understanding of the world by rejecting or avoiding

‘nudge’ ourselves to allow for risk and uncertainty” (Soll, Milkman, & Payne, 2015, p. 66). The article goes on to state; it is much more beneficial to work logically through the applicable information. System 1 thinking is the most prevalent origin of bias, which can eventuate in poor decision making due to the limitations of intuition, which can often mislead. Moreover, flawed System 2 thinking “deliberate [slower] reasoning gone awry”, or rationalization, can be equally detrimental (Soll, Milkman,

Persuasion is the act of changing individuals’ attitudes or behaviours; this is all around us in everyday life especially in the media. Persuasion has shown to be effective however there are some attempts that fail, in this essay I will explain why persuasion doesn’t always work. The factors I will look at are reactance, counterarguing, avoidance, forewarning and attitude inoculation. Reactance theory can explain why some persuasion attempts fail. This suggests that a persistent attempt to persuade

An eyewitness testimony is a proceeding whereby the witness of a crime will stand in court and recall the events which they perceived and is involved in the identification of the perpetrator (Laney & Loftus, n.d.). Eyewitnesses testimonies have become a staple for many legal proceedings and is often taken as hard evidence for a crime which someone has committed. However, there has been a staggering number of innocent people who have been convicted of a crime based on eyewitness testimonies. This

Main issues related to negotiation and conflict resolution The movie “12 Angry Men” covers different negotiation and conflict resolutions. The communication is set in a jury room where people with different worldview are bargaining over the judgment of a murder case. Juror 8 is willing to stand alone with his vote “not guilty”. Trying to avoid the winner’s course, he demanded a conversation about the case despite the clear 11-1 vote on the guilt of the defendant. Juror 8 discredits his opponents’

Humans, with all things being equal, could not be bothered to think deeper than what can be concluded using learned shortcuts and easily accessed information. The latter heuristic processing is preferred in most situations as it does not require cognitive effort because of its automaticity yet nevertheless arriving at

Education that values diversity through multicultural education practices include students who come from a variety of socioeconomic backgrounds, their individual ethnicity, and gender. Teachers can improve relationships, views and connotations, and academic advancements through a variety of practices and strategies. Multicultural education encompasses empowerment of students and improvements towards relationships of students between different ethnic groups and cultures, and it involves practices

feature very expensive entrees, while also including more (apparently) reasonably priced ones. It is also why, when given a choice, we tend to pick the middle option— not too expensive, and not too cheap. http://io9.com/5974468/the-most-common-cognitive-biases-that-prevent-you-from-being-rational4 You depend on anchoring every day to predict the outcome of events, to estimate how much time something will take or how much money something will cost. When you need to choose between options, or estimate

A Social Psychological Analysis of “The Lunch Date” In the short film, The Lunch Date, the main character commits cognitive dissonance. Cognitive dissonance is when a person changes their mindset to relieve the discomfort of tension between their personal beliefs and actions. The main character, a white, female social-elite, has most likely used this train station many times and would normally look past a person like the African-American homeless man. On this occasion, she found herself