Creatine kinase

Enzymes: Clinical Applications Enzymes mediate almost every single biochemical reaction, process or metabolic event in the body. Overall, enzymes are proteins whose primary function is to catalyze, increase the rate of the biochemical reactions (Champe et al., 2005). Enzymes are not only efficient in increasing the rate or velocity in a biological reaction, but also are incredibly accurate at recognizing other biochemical structures to create specific products. Taking into consideration how diverse

The Effects of a 15 mM Concentration of Creatine Phosphate on the Percent Contraction of Glycerinated Rabbit Psoas Muscle Fibers Group 4 Saria Sultan Meghan Shmunes Prachee Patel General Biology III Laboratory. 81296.02 Fall 2013 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare contractility of individual preparations glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle exposed to two different solutions

Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is very common after doing some kind of unaccustomed or eccentrically biased physical activity. Therapies such as cold-water immersion, massage, and active recovery are known to relieve the symptoms but these treatments have ambiguous results. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) have also been used as a treatment to EIMD. This study is looking to see if EIMD can be treated with nutritional supplements like fish oil. The eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and

Creatine is the primary metabolic fuel for high intensity, short duration movements such as sprinting, lifting heavy weights, and jumping to maximal heights (Smith-Ryan & Antonio, 2013), and a significant body of research (it is the most extensively studied ergogenic aid) reports supplementation during training can optimize muscle creatine stores, increased high-intensity intermittent work output, and promote greater gains in strength and muscle mass, plus Cr has been demonstrated to provide some

McArdle 's Syndrome is a muscle metabolism disorder that is caused by a deficiency of the glycogen enzyme muscle phosphorylase (Quinlivan). Muscle phosphorylase is the enzyme that breaks down glycogen during glycolysis. Without this enzyme, the body has a difficult time going through anaerobic glycolysis and can cause an individual to experience intense muscle pains. It is estimated that 1 in every 100,000 people will get McArdle 's Syndrome (Haller). McArdle 's Syndrome is a genetic disorder, so

of oxygen for an extended period of time, roughly twenty to forty minutes, permanent myocardial necrosis (tissue death) occurs (Grossman & Porth. 2014). Myocardial cells that are alive and functioning properly contain the enzymes and proteins creatine, kinase, troponin I and T, and myoglobin. When the heart tissue is deprived of oxygen during an MI, the myocardial cells cannot survive. When the cells die, their cell membranes become flexible, and the enzymes and proteins inside the cells leak out

sprint. This process occurs between two molecules of ADP and phosphocreatine (PCr). PCr donates its phosphate group to ADP to form ATP allowing for quick energy. This is called the creatine phosphate shuttle and only lasts approximately 6-8 seconds. After PCr donates its phosphate group, the molecule coverts into creatine and is later able to replenish its phosphate group. This process is said to be in equilibrium, since the phosphate group can be transferred back and forth between ATP and PCr. The

fragility and membrane damages with repeated contractions, resulting in increased cell permeability. Consequently, calcium ions diffuse into the myocytes, activating calcium-dependent proteases to cause further cell necrosis. , Additionally, creatine kinase (CK), a myocyte enzyme that stores energy for contraction, leaks out

enormous benefits supplements and consistent dieting has on an athlete. Supplements like whey protein, creatine, caffeine, and branched chain amino acids have allowed athletes to surpass limiting plateaus and reach new heights with respect to physical conditioning and mental awareness. Whey protein provides protein, which is an important macronutrient that serves as a building block for muscles. Creatine is a relatively new supplement that allows muscles to utilize more ATP and thus increase the endurance

Branched Chain Amino Acid as a Supplement for Long Duration Exercise Introduction Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) are composed of three essential amino acids including leucine, isoleucine, and valine. They are unique in that they are predominantly metabolized outside of the liver in the skeletal muscle. BCAAs make up 35-40% of the amino acid pool in the body and exist in high concentrations in skeletal muscle tissue (Shimomura et al, 2006). While the supplemental dosage is dependent upon on