Embryology, according to yourdictionary.com, is the branch of biology and medicine that studies embryos and how they develop. By studying embryology medical professionals will learn the causes of birth defects. They will have a better understanding on how the human body reproduces and the process it goes through to produce other individuals. Embryology has not been fully discovered and analyzed. There could be much more scientists could find. They might just be scratching the surface on a much deeper
Introduction The placenta is an essential organ known for synthesising growth factors and angiogenic factors for its own growth and fetal development throughout gestation. The placenta is made up of two morphologically and functionally distinct zonal layers, the junctional (JZ) and labyrinth zone (LZ). The JZ is made up of trophohoblasts and maternal blood vessels but no fetal vessel, and is the major site for the production of hormones (Choi et al. 2005). The LZ on the other hand is too made up
A study conducted on Wistar rats at two time points in late gestation investigating the impact of gestational age and gender on fetal and placental weight. This study demonstrated that fetal and placental weight increased significantly between days 16 and 21 of gestation whereas gender showed minimal effect on growth. Introduction Fetal development during pregnancy is predominantly related to the placenta and its function in fetal-maternal exchange (Ishikawa et al. 2006). Alterations in the interactions
segmented occipital arch, which exhibits similarly to that of a vertebral column present in vertebrates having both a neural and hemal arch (3). The little skate, Leucoraja erinacea, is a chondrichthyan that is a key model organism for chondrichthyan embryology studies. As an oviparous species, after internal fertilization its development is independent of its mother, encapsulated in a laid, moderately thin keratinized egg case during embryonic development. These embryos receive nourishment via a yolk
Although there are many factors that affect the development of the fetus, research on the specific effects of prenatal maternal stress and the resulting negative outcomes for the development of the fetus will be reviewed. While there is knowledge of these harmful effects in scientific and medical communities, researchers are still in the midst of discovering the results of these negative effects on human development. An overall review of the literature suggests that this topic is still relatively
Sickle Cell Disease Sickle cell disease (SCD) is calamitous defect of the red blood cells (RBC’s) resulting in an impairment if he circulatory system, damaging tissue, causing dangerous anemia, deadly infections, and infarctions (Redshaw, & Martin, 2013). SCD patients live two to three decades less than their healthy peers, affecting up to one-hundred-thousand American’s, with the vast majority of African descent, and a small fraction of Hispanic, Asian Indian, Middle Eastern and Southern European
After fertilization (in the fallopian tube), the zygote transforms into a group of cells that multiply rapidly. Then it moves towards the uterus, develops into a blastocyst, attaches into the uterine wall and differentiate into three layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm), that will give a beginning to all tissues and organs. The embryo forms embryonic membranes (yolk sac, amnion, chorion and allantois), which help to protect the embryo. The placenta begins to develop (from embryos chorion and
During the course of the past thirty years, the study of model organisms has become more significant in the study of embryological development. A model organism is a species that is easy to cultivate and monitor in a laboratory environment and is used to represent broad groups of organisms. Examples of successful and important model organisms include the Ascidia, Zebrafish, and Medeka species. Through intense researching of these organisms, scientists have been able to gain valuable insight into
A Somitic Compartment of Tendon Progenitors Summary Tendons are some of the most important tissues in the body of any organism, transferring the power created by the muscles to the bones and allowing coordinated body movements to occur. However, until recently there was very little known about the origin of this tissue and most of the research performed focused on the limbs and the tendons associated with them. Along with the limited amount of research seemingly none of it was focused on the axial
Mark Jones Writing Assignment 3/5/2017 During the early stages of embryo development, a multitude of signals are being released, some of which specify a cell, such as the neural plate, somites, and notochord, to a dorsal fate. In earlier experiments done by Spemann and Mangold in 1924 that if the dorsal lip of the of the early gastrula was transplanted to a more ventral position in the embryo, the embryo would develop a new secondary axis. The study showed that the organizer respecified the original