Feature integration theory

The Feature Integration Theory (Treisman & Gelade, 1980) links pre-attention and attention together and tries to explain why pop-out effects occur and how conjunction searches work. It states that features of an object (for example, colour and texture) are pre-attentionally coded in parallel, which explains why the pop-out effect exists. The object’s features are then combined through attention to form the whole object, which is why conjunction searches take longer to complete as you have to look

In day to day life, people frequently divide their attention between two or more tasks, such as viewing instagram pictures while speaking on mobile phone. This concept is called divided attention. Several theories exist that attempt to describe and explain this phenomenon. Kahneman’s model of divided attention suggests a concept of attention that is grounded in the knowledge of mental exertions. This is an account of how challenging the processing of a specific idea might be. Some tasks might be

increase the other, stimuli will decrease and vice versa. We use these ideas when we were looking for a certain stimulus and we have to find it in different scenes of varied other stimuli (distractors). According to Treisman and Gelade (1980), the theory tells us that attention has to be individually directed to each dependent stimulus regardless of the distractions surrounding it. One stimulus has to be easily distinguishable to be detected as different. In order to find the target crowded by the

combining the features of a stimulus object to have a coherent perceptual representation of that object. Features of an object are processed by different parts of the brain. For example, the shape of an object is processed in the temporal lobe, while its location is processed in the parietal lobe. Scientists believe that attention is what binds these features together to have a conscious perception of that object. To try to solve the binding problem, scientists created many theories, the strongest

Modularity is defined as a theory that postulates the mind as having been made of unique, purposeful, autonomous modules. Data is moved from the external environment and passed through a set of sensory transducers. The data is transformed to a code that is appropriate for the modules, which are dominion specific (Friedenberg and Silverman, 2012). The modules convert the outcomes of their progressions into a common code that can assume other non-modular, domain-general procedures. They have the ability

which is the main feature of perceptual binding, Gestalt theory, and feature integration. Gestalt theory focuses overall of an object whereas feature integration looks at parts of an object. This process enables the objects to be seen in a full visual context. Perceptual binding but it is spatial and temporal providing binding for both perceptual and cognition. According to Whitman (2011) perceptual binding formulae the object through cognitive mental process whereas, feature integration suggests that

attention with selective processing (Driver, 2001). Broadbent (1958) filter theory of attention states that certain information does not require focal attention. It is based on certain stimulus attributes such as colour and shape (Friedenberg, 2012). A previous study carried out by Treisman and Schmidt (1982) proposes that when attention is diverted from a display of several figures, the participants incorrectly combine the features of colour and shape therefore increases the illusory conjunctions portrayed

Treisman's feature integration theory is a two-stage model of visual object perception: The first stage is called "pre-attentive" because it happens automatically, or without effort or attention by the perceiver. In this stage, an object is broken down into its elementary features for processing (i.e., color, texture, shape, etc.). Treisman posits we are unaware of this stage of attention because it occurs quickly and early in perceptual processes (before conscious awareness). Evidence for the pre-attentive

Originating in the early 1990s, the concept of Integrated Marketing Communications (hereafter referred to as IMC) remains highly contested and unstable. According to Oxford Dictionary (2015), a concept is “an abstract idea” or “a plan or intention.” IMC falls into both categories as a theoretical definition for some and a plan of action for others. Equivalently, its value is difficult to assess, as its range of definitions, confusion over implementation, and lack of empirical studies prohibit grounded

depart from college before graduation. There are over 70 years of research associated with student retention, most of it subsequently to 1975 (Braxton, 2004). Conceivably the most commonly quoted theory related to student retention is that of Vincent Tinto (1975). In 1975, Tinto published Student Integration Model, a model of student-college interaction that presented a theoretical foundation for research about student retention (Halpin, 1990). The Tinto model is equally extensive and multifaceted