Flexion

girdle responsible for , adduction/abduction, downward /upward rotation, elevation/depression, the muscles involved: tramezius, pectoralis, The shoulder joint is responsible for flexion and extension muscles involved: latissimus dorsi, teres major/minor, deltoid, and infraspinatus. The elbow joint is responsible for flexion and extension muscles involved: Biceps brachii brachialis,brachioradialis. The shoulder girdle, elbow joint, and shoulder joint involved all eccentric

The biceps brachii arises from the scapula by two heads. The long (lateral head) arising from the supraglenoid tubercle, descends within the capsule of the shoulder joint and lies in the intertubercular groove. The short (medial head) arises from the coracoid process in common with the coracobrachialis. The insertion is into the tuberosity of the radius (posterior part) and the fascia of the forearm (and ultimately the ulna) by means of the bicipital aponeurosis. The biceps and brachialis are the

In order to test the passive sufficiency of a bi-articular structure, such as a muscle, both joints which that structure crosses must first be identified. Additionally, the movements of those two joints which will constrain that structure must be identified. Next, one joint must be selected, and placed into the position that may constrain the structure. At the same time, the other joint must be placed in the position which will NOT put further strain on that structure. The selected joint must then

dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion and eversion was performed on a wobble board while seated for 20 repetitions in each directions to increase range of motion, but more importantly to improve proprioception (Bernier and Perrin, 1998). Plantar flexion strength was addressed by utilizing green thera-tubing around the forefoot with the patient holding the other end of the tube. This was performed for one set of 20 repetitions. Body weight squats using a railing for support were chosen as they are

It's challenging to prevent repeat ankle sprains - but it is possible. Unfortunately, with each occurrence it gets more likely it will happen again. The tendency increases because the passive stability structures, the ligaments, become loose. The key then is to optimize the other stability structures. Sprains typically happen in a side to side direction. The first step is to make sure that you have the best possible motion in the front to back direction. Stretch the calves and Achilles tendon to

legs to the bones of the pedal, they also tend to help the pedal move in certain ways. The Achilles' tendon, for example, connects the calf to the calcaneus bone. This connection is what allows us to go on our tippy toes otherwise known as plantar flexion. The tibial tendons which connect to the underside of the pedal, allow us to turn our feet medially and

Introduction In 1987, Van Mechelen (1) proposed a "sequence of injury prevention" framework. In 2008 Van Tiggelen (2) also introduced a framework concerning the evaluation of preventive measure, using 4 stages of evaluation. Both frameworks are used within this article for the application of the following steps (figure1). Step 1. Extent of the injury As explained by Opar (3) the hamstring consists of three muscles, biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST) semimembranosus (SM), this composes a muscle

The Process of Injuries to the Hamstring Ask any football player if they have ever had a hamstring injury and most of them will say yes. Why do hamstring injuries happen? Is it because of the anatomy of the hip and pelvis or is it because they are not stretching it enough? Another possibility that causes hamstring and injuries is the muscles are getting overworked. The muscles around those might not be getting worked as well as they should be either. Hamstring injuries happen because they are

The process of doing squats involves a process of using muscles in bottom half of the torso. There are primary muscles in doing squats which are the gluteus maximus, quadriceps, and hamstrings. The gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the body and covers each buttock. The origin of this muscle is the sacrum, coccyx, and ilium. The insertion is the posterior surface of femur and fascia of the thigh which helps to extend the thigh at the hip. The gluteus maximus helps to straighten the limb at

associated with peripheral nerve injury. Lesion of the radial nerve as described in Therapeutic Exercise Foundations and Techniques is the impairment of the radial nerve due to entrapment.⁴ Clinical features include weakness of elbow extension, elbow flexion, supination of the forearm, wrist and finger extension, and thumb abduction. Sensation may be impaired over regions of the dorsal area of the forearm and hand. Common sites of compression or traumatic injury are under the extensor carpi radialis brevis