Glucose 6-phosphate

later used by the electron transport chains to drive proton pumps to generate ATP. The function of the citric acid cycle is the harvesting of high-energy electrons from carbon fuels. Although the Krebs cycle is mainly linked to the breakdown of glucose it is also important for the breakdown of all metabolites, including other sugars, amino acids and fatty acids. Each of these groups of molecules are converted into molecules that have a pathway that leads into the Krebs cycle. 2: The Krebs

β-galactosidase system which hydrolyzes lactose into glucose and galactose. Because lactose is a disaccharide, it can be transported into the cell via the permease system. As aforementioned, glucose then enters the EMP pathway to yield pyruvate. As seen in Figure 1, the EMP pathway begins with glucose, a six carbon monosaccharide. In the first reaction, a phosphate group is transferred from ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation via hexokinase to yield glucose-6-phosphate. In the second reaction, it undergoes

hexokinase. Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate by ATP. Glucose+ATP ______HK___→ G-6-P+ ADP Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase oxidizes glucose-6-phosphate in the presence of NADP to gluconate-6-phosphate. No other carbohydrate is oxidized. The rate of NADPH formation during the reaction is directly proportional to the glucose concentration and is measured photometrically. G-6-P+ NADP+ ____G-P-PDH___→ gluconate-6-P+ NADPH+ H+ Measuring range:

expresses predominantly glucokinase, which is hexokinase type IV and specific for glucose as the substrate. Such a pattern of expression requires KHK to supply fructose into hepatic glycolysis. The hepatic KHK-C phosphorylates fructose acts on C–1 to produce fructose-1-phosphate, F1P which is in turn hydrolyzed

turned into light brown, meaning the faster it broke down into glucose subunits. Specifically, in test tube 11, it contained 2ml of 10% salivary amylase and 2ml of the buffer, this solution turned into a light brown in 25 seconds. This because when the concentration of the enzyme is higher, there are more active sites for the substrate to bind to. Therefore, the enzyme is breaking down the substrate into smaller and smaller subunits of glucose, causing it to have a negative result for the Iodine test

Introduction: Glucose is one of the few chemical constituents of the blood that can change noticeably in its concentration. Many diseases cause a change in glucose metabolism but the most frequent cause of an increase in blood glucose is diabetes mellitus. The early detection of diabetes is important to avoid the many complications of the disease. The glucose tolerance test commonly done by recommended level for adults of a 75 g glucose drink to be consumed within a 5 min time period. The timing

Photosynthesis takes place in the plant chloroplast where light, carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Light energy is able to be captivated by a wavelength around 400nm to 700nm by photoreceptor molecule. When the light energy is maximized the molecule goes from ground state to excitation state, by releasing an electron into the adjacent molecule. One photoreceptor in green plants is chlorophyll. Chlorophyll a consume photons at 420nm and at 670nm due to its methyl group. Chlorophyll

which a glucose molecule with 6 carbon atoms into 2 molecule of 3 carbon atoms of pyruvate.Energy form ATP needed in the last steps but energy release in the last steps. There is a net gain of 2 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose broken down. Glycolysis takeplace in the cytoplasm of a cell. 1 st step of glycolysis is phosphorylation Figure 12 from glucose gain atp and to chane glucose 6 phophate Glucose is phosphorylated using ATP. Two ATP molecules are used for each molecule of glucose to make

According to American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC), Acidosis is characterized by PH of 7.35 or lower [1]. Acidosis develops when the rate of H+ production exceeds the rate of H+ removal/buffering. There is release of protons and formation of acid salt sodium lactate during intense exercise as there is raised production of lactic acid causing the cellular buffering capacity exceed resulting in decrease in cellular PH. This chemical events has been assumed to be the cause of muscle fatigue

the breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide, water, and producing molecules of ATP( The Free Resource). There are three steps that involve cellular respiration: glycolyis, the Kreb cycle and electron transport chain. Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose. It mostly occur in the cytosol of the cell. During the process of glycolysis, a phosphate group from the ATP is transferred to glucose to produce glucose 6 phosphate. Glucose 6 phosphate is converted into fructose 6 phosphate with the help of