Glucose 6-phosphate

travels to the liver where it is converted to glucose and then goes back to the muscle and is made back into lactate. (Wikipedia, 2007) When muscle activity occurs epinephrine is released by the brain. Epinephrine stimulates glycogen breakdown in the muscles as well as the liver. Muscle activity causes stored ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) to be used quickly and more ATP must be created by the breakdown of glycogen. In anaerobic conditions glucose is converted to pyruvate and then to lactic acid

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency Most people in the Africa population (about 20%) are born with a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD deficiency) (Campbell and Tishkoff, 2008). Primaquine is dangerous in patient with G6PD deficiency and it is known to cause haemolysis in people with inborn G6PD deficiency (Bradford, 2002). Therefore, the use of primaquine with artemether results in severity of adverse effects such as anaemia, haemolysis and GIT disturbances. However, this

involved in the entire cycle? 10. How many CO2 molecules are produced per pyruvate? 3 How many CO2 molecules are produced per glucose? 1 How many NADH2 molecules are produced per pyruvate? 3 How many FADH2 molecules are produced per glucose? 1 How many ATP are produced per glucose molecule in the Krebs’ cycle? 4 Show where CO2, ATP, NADH2 and FADH are produced in the cycle below by arrows coming off the cycle or find

Chapter 4 Microscopes Two important factors in microscopy are: 1) Magnification: an increase in the object’s apparent size compared with its actual size. 2) Resolving Power: the ability of an optical instrument to show two objects are separate. Three types of microscopes: 1) Light Microscope (LM) M: 1000x RP 0,2 micrometer (small bacterial cell) 2) Electron Microscope (EM) uses a beam of electrons to resolve electrons, better resolving powers than light microscope M:100,000x RP 0

Enzymes are biologically active proteins that serve as catalysts; they have the ability to speed up chemical reactions. Without a catalyst many biochemical reactions will be carried out too slowly for the body to benefit. All sorts of enzymes occur naturally in our bodies, some help digest food. An enzyme such as amylase is present in saliva which breaks down starch into smaller maltose molecules. Without an enzyme holding the large molecule in position, this reaction will be extremely slow. Every

one-fourth are clinically obese (BMI ≥ 30). Most of the cases of obesity within the UK are termed moderate. Nevertheless, moderate obesity is a risk factor for many long term metabolic conditions such as dyslipidaemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and type II diabetes (Grundy, 1998). These conditions are particularly associated with central obesity, whereby fat is deposited intra-abdominally (Elliott et al, 2002). Epidemiology In the UK there are … obese adults and the number is

Enzymes Enzymes are catalysts. Most are proteins. (A few ribonucleoprotein enzymes have been discovered and, for some of these, the catalytic activity is in the RNA part rather than the protein part. Link to discussion of these ribozymes.) Enzymes bind temporarily to one or more of the reactants of the reaction they catalyze. In doing so, they lower the amount of

make them insoluble they must be extracted from the milk by using an organic solvent such as ethyl acetate. Carbohydrates consist of many hydroxyl groups branching off of carbon chains. Lactose, a disaccharide carbohydrate, contains galactose and glucose. In order to separate the two, lactase must be added. Vitamins and minerals are very abundant in organic and store bought milk. Vitamins A, B, and C can all be found in organic milk and all three plus D is found in store bought milk. Vitamin A is

Cellular respiration is a universal process and is an example for Catabolic Reaction that breaks down glucose and produces ATP. It is the enzymatic breakdown of glucose (C6H12O6) in the presence of oxygen (O2) to produce cellular energy (ATP): C6H12O6 + 6O2  6 CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP Cellular respiration is the combination of citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation that breaks down the very different molecules of carbohydrates, proteins and fats into common molecules

on the class data of the pH of phosphorylase reaction, the potato phosphorylase is reached the endpoint which the phosphorylase active at pH 6, it started active within 6 minutes. The optimal pH of phosphorylase is at pH 7 which active just within 4 minutes. At pH 6, it started to breaking down the starch primer +glucose-1-phosphase into starch + phosphate which reacted with the iodine test to formed the blue precipitate. At the optimal pH 7, it shows that it maximized its activity. Comparing the