Harmonia axyridis

Immunity in invasion biology Most of the time, invasive species have negative impact on biodiversity. One of the example of negative outcome is, introduction of harlequin ladybird named Harmonia axyridis in foreign land for biological pest control. This species of ladybird have become successful invader but lethal for native species of ladybirds due to presence of obligate pathogenic parasite microsporidia in their hemolymph closely related to Nosema thompsoni (Vilcinkas et al. 2013). This lethal

The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines is an invasive insect in North America. Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Arthropoda, Class: Insecta, Order: Hemiptera, Family: Aphididae, Genus: Aphis, Species: A. glycines (“Soybean Aphid”). (Diers, et al. 2009) The soybean aphid is native to Asia and a common pest in China (“Soybean Aphid”). Asian countries that experience the soybean aphid as an occasional pest are Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand (“Soybean Aphid”)

While this has been the generation where the ‘green movement’ has flourished [Birkland], the growth of industry as well as a lack of proper environmental education, has sparked an increase in wildlife-threatening pollution and litter. [Siegel]. The general population underestimates the effect that “just one bottle” thrown onto the side of the road will have on the planet and its inhabitants in the long run, favoring the convenience of littering over the well-being of the Earth as a whole. This problem

Impacts on insect bio-ecology Phonological asynchrony The major impact of elevated temperature is the associated advancement in the phenology of life history events for many plant and animal species which ultimately results in disruption of synchrony between the interacting pairs. Especially the specialists are more affected than generalist species. For example the spatial mismatch between the monophagous insect Boloria titania (Esper) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and its larval host Polygonum bistortad