Molecular mechanics

An Annotated Bibliography on the Research of the Effects of GMOs Ruf, Andrea. "Soil organisms as an essential element of a monitoring plan to identify the effects of GMO cultivation. Requirements – Methodology – Standardisation." BioRisk 8: 73–87 (2013) 1-16 Web. 3 Feb. 2016. This scholarly article gives an in-depth overview of the practice of monitoring the effects of genetically modified organisms on the environment. A spanning look at the types of soil organisms best suited for study in relation

Amplification Of Exons 2 and 4 To Detect Mutations In The HFE Gene Of Human DNA That Leads To Iron Overload Causing Hemochromatosis Introduction The HFE gene, that causes the disease officially known as hemochromatosis, is found on the short arm of chromosome six (Dostalikova-Cimburova et al., 2012). This HFE gene codes for a protein that is found on the surface of liver, intestinal, and immune cells (D’Alessio et al., 2012). The HFE protein interacts with many other proteins to cooperatively

The discovery of transformation by Frederick Griffith in Streptococcus pneumonia has played an important role in how we are now able to introduce plasmid DNA molecules into cells. Transformation is the uptake of DNA molecules released from the donor cell by the recipient cell. It is one of the three ways bacteria are able to exchange genetic material. In Griffith’s experiment he introduced mice to two different forms of S. pneumonia, one smooth, pathogenic and encapsulated and the other rough, nonpathogenic

The aim of this experiment is to observe and record the rate of the blue water in the dialysis tube diffusing into the beaker containing different concentrations of salt over 20 minutes to see what effect the concentrations of salt has on the rate of diffusion. The hypothesized of this experiment is that the blue water in dialysis tube 3 will have a faster rate of blue dye diffusing into the salt water in beaker 3. Beaker 1 will have the slowest rate of blue dye diffusing from the dialysis tube into

Theories of Chemical Bonding 1. Which one of the statements concerning valence bond (VB) and molecular orbital (MO) bond theories is correct? a) MO theory predicts that electrons are localized between pairs of atoms. b) In VB theory, bonding electrons are delocalized over the molecule. c) MO theory accurately describes bonding in O2 and NO, VB theory does not. d) VB theory can describe molecular bonding in excited states. e) MO theory is used to accurately predict the colors of compounds

technique, which blots for DNA, and the Western Blot technique, which blots for proteins. It is not commonly used for clinical or diagnostic purpose but it is mainly used in research. The Northern Blot technique allows scientists to determine the molecular weight on an mRNA and to measure the relative amounts of mRNA that are present in different samples on a single membrane. The mRNA is isolated and hybridized using this technique. It also allows for the gene to express a pattern between the human

As seen on many crime shows and in real-life crime scenes, it is necessary to be able to identify DNA. Most of the time, this is done using a technique known as gel electrophoresis. Gel electrophoresis is a method used to separate the macromolecules that make up nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, along with proteins. Gel electrophoresis is significant because it has given scientists insight on what cells cause certain diseases and has led to advancements in DNA and fingerprint identification. My

Simple Diffusion Activity 1: Simulating Simple diffusion 1. What is the molecular weight of Na+? 22.99 2. What is the molecular weight of Cl-? 35.45 3. Which MWCO dialysis membranes allowed both of these ions through? 50, 100, and 200 4. Which materials diffused from the left beaker to the right beaker? NaCl, Urea, and Glucose at MWCO 200 5. Which did not? Why? Albumin, too large to diffuse Activity 2: Simulating Dialysis 1. What happens to the urea concentration in the left beaker

For Learning Centre use only Activity 1: Simulating Dialysis (Simple Diffusion) Lab Report Review Sheet Results 1. 2. Describe two Variables that affect the rate of diffusion. The two variables that affect the rate of diffusion are: A. The size of the molecule. The larger molecule will diffuse more slowly than the smaller molecule. B. The nature of plasma membrane. If the membrane is composed of lipid portion., only lipid soluble molecules can pass through while water molecules

Aim: In this investigation I will be measuring the effects of temperature on the membrane permeability of beetroot. I will be measuring the amount of anthocyanin that will diffuse out of the beetroot. The way in which I will measure the anthocyanin is to check the light absorbency of the solution using a colorimeter. The higher the reading on colorimeter the more anthocyanin present in the solution To find out the permeability of the beetroot membrane I will firstly cut out cylinders of beetroot