form various types of aggregates, such as oligomers, amorphous aggregates, and immature and mature fibers, depending on conditions and other molecular interactions [21-23]. The sequential conversion of water soluble A peptide monomers to intermediate toxic oligomers and large metastable -pleated amyloids have been proposed to understand the mechanistic approach for AD. The structural plasticity of unfolded A monomers to adopt transient oligomers also been investigated to confer their neurotoxicity
Dysbindin-1 promotes Drp1 oligomerization Mitochondrial fission requires dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). Drp1 is a large GTPase that can assemble into oligomers with enhanced GTPase activity. Drp1 is predominantly located in the cytosol and can be recruited to mitochondria to mediate mitochondrial fission by forming an oligomeric ring around the mitochondrial tubule to constrict and sever mitochondrial outer membranes 38-43. Having found that dysbindin-1 regulates mitochondrial fission, we proceeded
B30001 Assignment (Hatters) - Transthyretin Benjamin Andrikopoulos 759192 Introduction to TTR: Transthyretin (TTR) is a protein in the blood (serum) and cerebrospinal fluid of humans that functions in the transport of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) and retinol (also known as Vitamin A1). [1] It is secreted by the liver into the blood and by the choroid plexus into the cerebrospinal fluid. [2] Studies have shown that as less than 1% of TTR 's T4-binding sites (T4BS) in the blood are in use
insulin in the peripheral tissues. Beta cell dysfunctioning decrease the release of amylin and insulin in response to increased blood glucose levels and this is thought to be affected by misfolded amylin proteins where the cytotoxicity from amylin oligomers affects the function of islet beta cells via several mechanisms and affecting the signaling pathway and apoptosis of beta cells. Introduction: There are 2 major types of diabetes in humans which revolves around the control of blood sugar level.
The protein misfolding induces structural conversion of a soluble protein to insoluble amyloids through self-assembling. The protein aggregation induces the loss of biological function and gain of disease and is well connected to several diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, prion diseases and type-II diabetes. Several studies have been carried out to elucidate the role of protein misfolding and aggregation in the pathogenesis of a number of protein conformational diseases (ref). Among several
A hallmark feature of Alzheimers is the presence of Ab and tau phenotypes…. n Subsequent studies in animal models for insulin resistance, AD, or both, have established that insulin resistance exacerbates Aβ and tau phenotypes including enhanced Aβ 42/40 ratio, total tau, and hyperphosphorylated tau (Ho et al., 2004; Lester-Coll et al., 2006; Li et al., 2007; Masciopinto et al., 2012; Plaschke et al., 2010; Qu et al., 2011; Searcy et al., 2012; Takeda et al., 2010) and AD amyloidosis models exhibit
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive mental deterioration that can happen in middle or old age, due to generalized degeneration of the brain. Alzheimer’s disease is one form of dementia that gets harmful over time. Dementia is a loss of brain function that occurs with other diseases such as Alzheimer’s. Scientists believe that Alzheimer’s disease results from genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors that impact the brain. Alzheimer’s disease damages and kills brain cells and it also leads
A polymer is a large molecule that is made from many small repeating chemicals called monomers. In the Greek language, polymer literally means “many parts.” Polymers are being used more and more in medical devices, such as drug delivery, screws, plates, fixation pins, suture anchors and many other applications. Some of the most useful polymers for medical uses are poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(glycolic acid) (PGA). They are useful in medicine because of the fact that they can degrade within the
phase. A few G-actin subunits combine to form short oligomers. However these are unstable and readily dissociate. When three subunits bind together and transition to form a more stable oligomer with many subunit-subunit interactions, this can then act as a seed for actin polymerisation (often called the nucleus). The phase is sometimes referred to as the lagging phase, this is due to a delay in the time taken for G-actin to form these stable oligomers. This was proven in experiment when some preformed
Advancements in Organic Photovoltaic Solar Cells Stephen J. Faulkenberry, Graduate Assistant (GA) Department of Engineering Technology, Middle Tennessee State University Abstract Organic photovoltaic (OPV) solar cells are becoming an increasingly pragmatic alternative to first and second generation cells when it comes to existing augmentation and future rollouts. Cheap to construct due to a simplified printing process, they can even be made in consumer level 3D printing processes. Unlike previous