Ovarian follicle

Mechanisms by which obesity impair ovarian functions Both animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that obesity leads to ovarian dysfunction through oxidative and ER stress and inflammation (26,65,66,74-78). Obesity leads to excess lipids, glucose, insulin, and leptin in variety of ovarian cells including: granulosa cells, cumulus cells, oocytes, and early embryos (ref more;(65,79,80)). Because leptin contributes to follicular growth, steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation and embryo development

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to inform on the topic of folliculogenesis, how it occurs, and its role in reproduction. Introduction Folliculogenesis is the production of follicles in the ovaries of female reproductive system. Every month females go through their ovarian cycle, in which the ovaries produce follicles that help to carry out the egg cell necessary for reproduction. This egg cell is carried out to be fertilized by a sperm cell received from males during sexual intercourse. If the

pregnant. In the menstrual cycle, ovary unceasingly alternates between two phases: the follicular phase, which is characterized by the presence of maturing follicles and the luteal phase, which is governed by the presence of corpus luteum. Ovulation occurs in between these phases. Corpus luteum, which is formed through luteinization of ruptured follicle after ovulation, secretes large amounts of progesterone and small amount of estrogen. Progesterone acts at progesterone receptors (PR) which

BIOLOGY Level 3 Achievement Standard: 91607 (3.7) v1 Selective Breeding and Mammal Cloning ‘Demonstrate understanding of human manipulations of genetic transfer and its biological implications’ 3 Credits Name: NadyaBuksh Year: 13G 2015 Selective breeding is the result of human manipulation of genetic transfer. It uses the same principle as natural selection. However, natural selection is the process of selection by the environment whereas;selective breeding is a form artificial selection

Ovoids are typically used as the main outlines of the body located in aboriginal art pieces. These shapes are also referred to as the “mother of designs”. Ovoids represent joints such as the shoulder, hip or wing, commonly found when painting animals or humans. The red ovoid that can be found in my drawing has the thickest line at the top and thinner lines on the sides and bottom. Ovoids like these can change direction but not characteristics. The trigon inside the yellow ovoid is considered to be

Reproductive physiology is comprised of many tightly coordinated functions of the endocrine system including the hypothalamus, pituitary and reproductive organs whose dynamic function plays several critical roles in growth and development as well was reproduction. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis plays a critical role in the development and regulation of the reproductive system. These tightly regulated functions within the pituitary must respond to continuously changing signals from the central

ability, so measuring the ovarian reserve was thought to be a good predictor for the female fertility [10]. This idea appeared from the close correlation between the unfavorable infertility treatment outcome (cycle cancellation, low life birth rate or miscarriage) and the diminished ovarian reserve [1-8]. The idea behind the ovarian reserve tests (ORTs) is to predict the female fertility through measuring the level of some hormones normally secreted by the body or by the follicles as an indication of

Ovarian Cancer Ovarian Cancer ascend from the fallopian tube mucosal epithelium, causing the tissue fragments of the female reproductive system to fuse together. The time of diagnosis, epithelial ovarian cancer are advanced-stage carcinomas (Nezhat, 2015). Ovarian cancer is common within the female population, with over 22,000 newly diagnosed cases in the United States and 14,000 cancer related deaths (Nezhat, 2015). Etiology and risk factors Ovarian cancer is associated with damage and restoration

struma ovarii tumors are unilateral in most of the patients with the exception of three cases (1, 2) reported to be bilateral, including our case. All three cases were multicystic with size ranging from 2 to 12 cm and composed of benign thyroid follicles without features of malignancy. (Table 1) Serum thyroid hormone levels were within normal limits in both cases. (1, 2) There are several variants of struma ovarii but two most important variants reported are strumal carcinoid and benign strumosis

The primary outcome of interest was the suturing time. The secondary outcomes were total operative time, suturing difficulty, intraoperative blood loss, perioperative complications and the impact of surgery on ovarian reserve. Statistical analysis Statistical calculations were performed using Microsoft Excel 2010 (Microsoft Corporation, NY, USA) and SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 15 for Microsoft Windows. Student’s t and χ2 tests were used