SCADA

1. Control Center and back-up Control Centers: (R1.i.) i. LP&L has 1 Control Center located at the Distribution office that contains the SCADA system. ii. The Control Center does not perform any functional obligations of the Reliability Coordinator or Balancing Authority. iii. Although Xcel Energy (SPS) performs most of the functional obligations of the Transmission Control Center, in accordance with the Coordinated Functional Relationship (JRO00055), LP&L does operate its breakers, which meets

Any incident that results in the unauthorized access of the applications, services or data by bypassing the security mechanisms is known as a Security breach or Security violation. Security breaches are usually used within the context of companies or government institutions where security defenses are bypassed so that the intruders can access the confidential information, which can include highly sensitive data. There can be many internal and external threats that can result in a security breach

The U.S. Energy Sector is one of the most critical infrastructures, essential for the functionality of the U.S. as we know it. Why is that you might ask. This is because it provides support and keeps all the other critical infrastructures running. Without the Energy Sector the country might as well shut down and be of no use. With the energy sector affected, there would be immediate panic and a visible effect on the economy and its people. So, let’s dive in, what is the Energy Sector all about?

Summary: Cyber-Terrorism is a poorly understood and defined concept. With the recent growth of cyber-attacks in the United States and abroad, many are beginning to categorize hactivism and terrorists’ illicit use of the Internet as “cyber-terrorism” (Kenney, 2015, p. 111). Kenney (2015) explains that none of these cybercrimes has risen to the level of cyber-terrorism. As history is often an indicator of the future, terrorist groups are more likely to participate in physical acts of violence, while

Cyber warfare is a major concern for the global society. The introduction, development and operation of information and communication technologies have been accompanied by an increase in criminal accomplishments. With regard to cyberspace, the Internet is increasely been used as a tool and medium by organized crime. In order to commit cybercrime, cyber weapon are needed. The first known cyber weapon to have ever been created was the Stuxnet virus that was discovered in the late summer of 2010. To

A Framework for a GSMSmart Energy Management Meter System for Effective Measurement, Management and Communication of Power and its Data in a Developing Grid Abstract Energy measurement and management are amongst the major grid challenges and research efforts have been geared towards addressing them. The emergence of smart meters in consonance with the smart grid concept is as a result of these efforts. This paper explores the integration of Energy Management and Control System (EMCS) technologies

4.6.1 Smart Living WHY SMART LIVING? • “By 2030 12% of worldwide population will be +65 generation (from 7% in 2010). Hence, new health-care and elderly-care solutions are needed” [IBM Smarter City Program, 2010]; • “A Smart City has to be safe; a smarter safety initiative allows to anticipate, rather just react, to problems” [Mulligan 2010]. CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS: • I ncrease health-care and elderly-care services availability, increase citizens ' quality of life and satisfaction, (IBM Smarter

network, for example a system that measures temperature and humidity and communicates the results to a computer. Modbus is often used to connect a supervisory computer with a remote terminal unit (RTU) in supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. [17] In simple words, it can be explained as a method used for transmitting information over the lines between electronic devices. The device asks the information is called the Modbus Master and the devices supply information is Modbus Slaves

Weaknesses to mistreatment in contemporarymainframes are wide-ranging. They variant from weaknesses of internet server which permitthe hackers or assailantsto command the internet server to a cultured lateral network that uses stuff like packet technique or immediate control depletion to collect private and trustworthy material from cyber security computersystems. Vulnerabilities or weaknesses seem to be in the customer software whois a fellow of an industry that uses it to get their tasks performed

What Is Critical Infrastructure? Critical infrastructure are the assets, systems, and networks, whether physical or virtual, so vital to the United States that their incapacitation or destruction would have a debilitating effect on security, national economic security, national public health or safety, or any combination thereof. Critical infrastructure is the backbone of our nation's economy, security and health. We know it as the power we use in our homes, the water we drink, the transportation