Upper respiratory tract infection

Bailey Kundinger Anatomy and Physiology II Friday February 17, 2017 Respiratory Syncytial Virus A mother brings their toddler in to the clinic, with what they think is a cold but a nurse wonders if the child could possibly have respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). A cold and RSV are a lot alike, in the way that they both may come across as “cold-like symptoms,” but this is not the case. Throughout this report one will find out what the differences between a common cold and RSV are, the signs and

Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs) The upper respiratory tract consists of the nose, nasal passages, paranasal sinuses, pharynx and part of the larynx above the vocal cord (Porth, 2011). Common cold (self-limiting but can lead to secondary bacterial infections), sinusitis, otitis media, croup, epiglottis, influenza and scarlet fever are the most common complication of URI (VanMeter & Hubert, 2014). On the other hand, lower respiratory tract consists of the trachea and the lungs (bronchi, bronchioles

phlegm, shortness of breath, chest pain while coughing, fevers and chills. Assessment: One of the most common symptoms why outpatients seek medical health is cough. According to Dains et.al. (2016), cough is a common symptom of minor upper respiratory infections, however if a patient complaints of cough and seems in an acute distress, and presents with associated worrisome symptoms may indicate a life threatening condition. It is imperative for the right diagnosis to be identified in order select

are not. Upper respiratory tract infections for example can be cause by pathogenic bacteria. Left untreated, respiratory infections can be harmful or even fatal in some cases. Therefore, identifying the cause of the infection is paramount. Knowing the target would allow the correct treatment methods to be utilized, such as the use of an effective antibiotic. The purpose of the experiment was to identify a bacteria of interest that has presumably caused an upper respiratory tract infection. Furthermore

many factors that affect clinical signs and fate of BVDV infection that consequently resulting in highly variable clinical signs, some of those factors are virulence of the viral strain, age susceptibility, immune status, stage of pregnancy and complication by other pathogens (Liebler-Tenorio 2005). 2.3.1. Infection in non-pregnant seronegative animals 2.3.1.1. Subclinical infection It has been previously reported that BVDV subclinical infection is the most prevalent form (70-90%) which explains high

Viral respiratory tract infections (VRTIs) are the most common illness in humans according to Fendrick (2004). Acute respiratory infections kill approximately 4 million people per year. Approximately half of these respiratory infections are due to viruses. Respiratory infections are one of the top causes of mortality throughout the world. In many developing nations they are the major cause of death in young children (WHO 2013). Often referred to as the common cold, the term upper respiratory tract

discovered by Bordet and Gengou as an acute respiratory tract infection. (1-2) The highly contagious B. pertussis is a strictly aerobic gram-negative coccobacillus that grows best between 35-37 ºC, and is transmitted through inhalation of aerosol droplets. It is one of ten known Bordetella species, and accounts for 50 million cases annually, in which 300,000 of them result in death. (1-3) Pathogenesis There are four stages in B. pertussis infection. The first stage is attachment. Filamentous

Respiratory tract infection refers to infectious diseases of the sinuses, throat, airways or lungs. Respiratory infections are caused by viruses and bacteria. Respiratory infections are: • Infections of the upper respiratory tract, affecting the nose, sinuses and throat. It includes common cold, tonsillitis (infection of the tonsils and tissues at the back of the throat), sinusitis (infection of the sinuses), laryngitis (infection of the larynx, or voice box) and flu • Infections of the lower respiratory

Antibiotics are the most frequently prescribed and misused drugs and there are reported concerns about the continuous indiscriminate and excessive use of antibiotics leading to emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms (McLellan and Gray 2001; Krivoy et al. 2007). The use of antimicrobial agents, especially antibiotics has become a routine practice for the treatment of pediatric illnesses (Ghai and Paul 1988; Summers and Summers B 1986). According to Dowell et al. (1998); Nyquist et al. (1998);

Introduction According to American Family Physician (2009), acute pharyngitis is a common upper respiratory tract infection seen in the pediatric population, with most children averaging five sore throats within a year in the United States. “Pharyngitis is the inflammation of the mucosa lining the structure of the throat including the tonsils, pharynx, uvula, soft palate, and nasopharynx" (Burns, Dunn, Brady, Starr, & Blosser, p. 715, 2013). Acute pharyngitis can be caused by both virus and bacteria