Anatomy And Physiology Of The Respiratory Syncytial Virus

RSV infection is limited to the respiratory tract. Respiratory Syncytial Virus affects the respiratory system causing an interruption of the normal physiology of the lungs which are the main organs affected. The lungs are a pair of cone-shaped bodies that occupy the thorax. The lungs have two vital functions air distribution and gas exchange. In addition to attending as an air distribution pathway and gas exchange surface the components of the respiratory tract cleanse, warm and humidify inspired air. RSV affects the lungs by inflaming the small airways and decreasing the oxygen flow in and out, thereby affecting the capacity for normal oxygen exchange. Initial infection in young infants or children frequently involves the LRT and most often manifests as the clinical entity of bronchiolitis. Inoculation of the virus occurs in the URT in respiratory epithelial cells [ (Leonard R Krilov, 2010) ]. Spread of the virus down the respiratory tract occurs by

Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV) is an infection that is contagious that resembles the common cold a lot of times. RSV is the most common viral pathogen that causes lower respiratory tract infections in infants. RSV infection in infancy cause severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia and may incline children to the following development of asthma, the most common chronic illness of childhood. RSV is the most single related cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis. Epidemics of the virus are seen each winter, 80% of infections typically occur during a three-month period. The virus is not typically severe during infancy but it is rare if it happens. (As, in my case I was born with the RSV virus and was hospitalized for eighteen days and was put on assisted ventilation.) In infants RSV infection can spread to the bronchial tubes and lungs. The virus can also infect adults, in where the infection can cause viral pneumonia, which is sometimes followed by a bacterial infection of the lower respiratory system.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has a seasonal and yearly incidence, usually between November and April. It is responsible for high infant morbidity and mortality worldwide.. By the first year of life, 60% of children are infected, and almost 100% are infected by 2 years of age. (Saso,&Kampmann,2016). The more common age for hospitalizations occur between 2-3 months of age, and is the leading cause of infants being hospitalized in the developed world, accounting for 2 % of admissions during the winter season. (geerdink,Pillay,Meyalard,2015). The natural RSV infection in those younger than 6 months does not adequately develop a long-lasting immunological response, making reoccurrence of infection likely to reoccur. RSV is an infection that causes cold-like illness that can also cause otitis media, rhinitis, bronchitis, croup, and, pneumonia. Although RSV can cause different reactions, Bronchiolitis is the most common form of occurrence in the pediatric population. This virus is very caustic to the respiratory lining for vulnerable infants, that it increases the risk for respiratory diseases in later years of childhood.

RSV is the most common cause of LRTI’s leading to morbidity and mortality in children across the world. Most children have acquired an RSV infection by the time they reach 2 years of age. It is typical to see these infections during the winter/early spring seasons in temperate regions, and during the rainy seasons in tropical areas. This is likely due to the increase of indoor crowding related to weather. The transmission of RSV requires close contact by either a large particle aerosol, or by contamination of hands followed by an inoculation into the eye or nose. Secondary infections are seen in in family contacts of an individual with a primary case due to their close contact.

Parvovirus-Fever, nasal discharge, bright red cheeks appears similar to a slapped cheek, 2-4 days later a lacy type of rash appears trunk and limbs.

RSV comes into the airway epithelium from the apical side only and aims to destroy the ciliated epithelia cells (4). Then RSV buds and releases the virus from the apical surface (4).

Patient J.B. presented the office with chief complaints of coughs and sore throat that lasted about seven days. These symptoms are typically seen in respiratory tract infection or inflammation that is caused by viruses or bacteria. The initial differential diagnoses included Influenza, cough, common cold, community-acquired pneumonia, acute bronchitis, acute pharyngitis, and postnasal drip syndrome based on the chief complaints. The reason that why these differential diagnoses were considered is because they all have coughs as the symptom. Some of these differential diagnoses have both coughs and sore throat. JD, et al. (2017) states that Influenza A or B viruses can cause a dry cough and sore throat. Troullos,

Acute tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils secondary to an infectious process causing painful swallowing and is more commonly attributed to a viral cause rather than bacterial (Shepherd, 2013). A physical assessment of the tonsils may reveal an increase in size with edema and erythema. This is often associated with upper respiratory symptoms like, headache and cough (Shepherd, 2013). Another diagnosis is pharyngitis. Pharyngitis is also a sore throat which is secondary to inflammation noted at the back of the throat and associated with complaints of pain when swallowing (Shepherd, 2013). Viral pharyngitis is the most common and can be contributed to the rhino or coronavirus which lasts between 5-7 days and presents with associated symptoms like cough, headache, fatigue and mild fever (Ruppert & Fay, 2015). Finally, GABHS or more commonly noted as strep throat is a potential diagnosis. This bacterial infection is most common in children and adolescents. Often individuals present with symptoms including throat pain, fever, chills, headache, cervical lymphadenopathy and exudate noted to tonsils or in the pharyngeal (Ruppert & Fay, 2015). This infectious process in younger children may also present with gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain but is not accompanied by cough or nasal

The research question in this study is “What are the experiences of Alaskan parents who have a child hospitalized for RSV treatment?”

        The pneumonia virus affects the respiratory system. The respiratory system includes the throat, voice box,windpipe, air tubes, air sacs, and most important the lungs. “This system job is to take in air from the outside and take out carbon dioxide from inside the air and that helps your body prevent illness.” (Health tab) This is how it works, the air can enter through the nose or mouth, then it passes through the air sacs, and then finally it enters in the lung. Once in the lungs the oxygen can enter the bloodstream. This maybe common knowledge but you can not live very long without breathing so the respiratory system is very important.

A health-issue known to be documented in the pre-school setting is pertussis, or better known as whooping cough (Kid Source Online, n.d.). Whooping cough, as it’s name implies, is a very communicable, infectious disease of the respiratory tract, which causes the child to make a “whooping” sound when trying to draw breath after a prolonged cough spell (Kid Source Online, n.d.). Nonetheless, not all children are known to make this said “whooping” sound while having this disease; thus, one must be aware of the general symptoms indicating whooping cough, which include, however aren't limited to, a runny nose and an extreme cough, both which gradually seem to only get worse, and perhaps can even end with the child profusely vomiting (Kid Source Online, n.d.). It is important to catch any symptoms of abnormal cold indications as soon as possible, as once the whooping stage begins, antibiotics can no longer help (Kid Source Online,

infection. (Van der Zee, A et al. 2015). The infection causes a severe respiratory infection

The most common pathogen of acute viral rhinitis is rhinovirus, other causes include, adenoviruses, coronaviruses, enteroviruses, influenza and parainfluenza viruses, and respiratory syncytial virus. The most common pathogen of rhinosinusitis is S pneumoniae, H influenzae (nontypeable), M catarrhalis, and β-hemolytic streptococci. Common pathogen of viral pharyngitis includes, Epstein-Barr virus, coxsackie A group of viruses and adenovirus. The most common bacterial pharyngitis is group A streptococcal infection, other causes include Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, groups C and G streptococci, and

The symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection can be caused by several other viruses and bacteria. It is important to seek proper medical treatment to receive the correct diagnosis, which will prevent severe illness and from spreading to other people.

Common symptoms usually include a high fever that begins suddenly, muscle and body aches, chills, tiredness, joint pain (usually knees), sore throat, dry cough, a runny and or stuffy nose, are the most common