20th Century DNA Research

Introduction- DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid this acid determines the programming and data for building and maintaining an organism. DNA bases pair up with each other, A with T and C with G to form base pairs. These bases attach to a sugar molecule and a phosphate molecule to create a nucleotide. Nucleotides form double helix strands, with the phosphate groups and deoxyribose sugars join to form the outside of the ladders on the strands. The nitrogen bases form the rungs of the ladder that join the strands together.

Throughout the early 19th and 20th century, many scientists have studied deoxyribonucleic acids in order to attain higher understanding over the matter. Johann G. Mendel had figured out and understood the laws of heredity. Friedrich Miescher amazingly discovered DNA in 1869, even though scientists did not understand DNA was the genetic material

DNA is a self-replicating material that's present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. The shape of DNA is a double helix, the sides are made of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules. The sugar is deoxyribose. The rungs of the ladder are pairs of 4 types of nitrogen bases. A base pair is two chemical bases bonded to one another forming a the rungs DNA ladder. The DNA molecule consists of two strands that wind around each other like a twisted ladder. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a subtype of RNA. An mRNA molecule carries a portion of the DNA code to other parts of the cell for processing. mRNA is created during transcription. During the transcription process, a single strand of DNA is decoded by RNA

DNA, Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is the basic structure for all life, it is the blueprint, the instruction manual, on how to build a living organism. DNA is made up of four nitrogen bases, adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine which are connected by sugar-phosphate bonds. Through a process called Protein Synthesis, the nitrogen bases are the code for the creation of amino acids. Essentially, DNA makes amino acids, amino acids make proteins, proteins make organisms. This process has been taking place for much longer than scientists have been able to document. Those scientists are called geneticists and their field is genetics.

DNA technology and advancements in technology in general, advancements in scientific discoveries and scientists who shared

DNA is made up of genes, which are small portions of the DNA strand. Genes create cellular protein needed for the body to function. DNA not only creates cellular proteins, but also has the instructions for when and where they will be made. (Racenis 2)

DNA tells us who you are. And it is the particle that stores genetic information’s. it also, tell the cell how to build the proteins in you. The DNA has to carry information from one generation of organism to the next. DNA has to put that in formation to work by determining the heritable characteristics of organism. Next DNA has to be easily copied because all of a cells genetic information has to be replicated every time a cell divides. The DNA is like a latter, the shape is called a double helix the step of the letter is made up of four bases, Adenine which is the letter A the next one is Thymine which is T, Guanine is G and Cytosine is C. so, Adenine will always bond with Thymine A=T and Guanine will always bone with Cytosine G=C. These are called nitrogenous base. So, these genetic codes will tell the cells how exactly to build a protein the structure of the DNA is called a gene. Your body read the letter C,G,T,A like a recipe. From their it builds proteins. Proteins are made up of ells, cells are made up of tissue, and tissue are made of organism like your eye and skin. So, the gene determined what you are and what you will look like. Like the color of your hair, your skin, your eyes and soo

DNA is a double stranded helix, each strand made-up of millions of chemical building blocks called bases. The four bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine are changed with permutation and combination in a sequence to code for protein. In order to make proteins, the genes from DNA are copied by each of the chemical bases into messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA moves out of the nucleus and uses cell organelles in the cytoplasm called ribosomes to form the polypeptide or amino acid that finally folds and configures to for the protein.

DNA discovery is the most important scientific discovery of 20th century which increased our knowledge about hereditary material as the basis of life. It is present in all organisms from microscopic organisms like bacterium to macroscopic organisms like whale. It not only determines the physical characteristics of the organisms but the diseases develop in them.

DNA analysis technology has improved police investigations by providing the accurate potential to contribute to investigations in the following ways. Solving particularly hard cases where all the other investigative techniques have failed. Provide clues where there is no witness. Find application in an ever-widening range of cases. Reduce the number of wrong arrests and increase the reliability of the evidence. DNA has also linked together cases involving sex crimes, gang related crimes, sexual crimes, murders and even international investigations. (CalandroDennis, Reeder Karen Cormier, "Evolution of DNA Evidence for Crime Solving - A Judicial and Legislative History", 2005)

DNA is a series of sugars linked together in a specific order. This specific order of sugars: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, with its associated base determines the genetic information that a person will have. Each parent supplies the offspring with complementary strands of DNA passed down in tight structures known as chromosomes. The DNA codes for a specific gene and the nucleotides give the exact order of amino acids/proteins. DNA has the shape of a double helix. This shape is like two spirals wrapped around each other. The shape of DNA is essential to the way in which it functions because

Improper forensics, bad lawyering, snitches, unqualified “experts,” eye witness misidentification, false confessions, and mishandled evidence are all just a few reasons for wrongful convictions in the justice system. However, the authors of Actual Innocence: When Justice Goes Wrong and How to Make it Right, discuss how DNA is a main factor into “actually innocent” people. Throughout this book we learn stories about those who were wrongfully convicted and later proven guilty for reasons such as DNA testing. While this proves to us that not everyone convicted is guilty, it points out many other errors in the criminal justice system as well.

DNA is a long curved structure, made up of pairs of four specific bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, is the repository of a code from which all of our cells are made. The code is made up of base pairs which look like the

From a condom that changes color to a "ambucycle" (a hybrid mix of a motorcycle and an ambulance) -- 2015 is shaping up to be an interesting year for entrepreneurs.

When most people think of DNA, scientists, laboratories, and twisted ladders come to mind. In reality, DNA makes up genetic material, which makes up proteins that form much of the body and perform vital tasks. The study of DNA and genetic material is something more people should be aware of. As a society, knowing how powerful genetic research and technology are holds the possibility to help, or possibly hurt, people now and in the future.