349mg Of Solid Acetaminophen Synthesis

To start off the experiment 25mL of water was placed into a labeled beaker and tested for the pH using pH test strips. Next the antacid tablet was placed in the solution and timed for how long it took to dissolve the tablet. Finally the temperature was measured. This same process was repeated for the acidic solution, and finally for the basic solution. After each experiment the pH, the reaction time, and the temperature of the beaker were recorded into a table. For this experiment the independent variable was the substance used (acid, neutral or base), and the dependent variable was the reaction time of each substance. The constant conditions of this experiment included the amount of substance being used, and the placing of one antacid tablet into each beaker. The experimental group was the acidic and basic solution, and the control group was the neutral

In this experiment, 0.31 g (2.87 mmol) of 2-methylphenol was suspended in a 10 mL Erlenmeyer flask along with 1 mL of water and a stir bar. The flask was clamped onto a hotplate/stirrer and turned on so that the stir bar would turn freely. Based on the amount of 2-methylphenol, 0.957 mL (0.00287 mmol) NaOH was calculated and collected in a syringe. The NaOH was then added to the 2-methylphenol solution and allowed to mix completely. In another 10 mL Erlenmeyer flask, 0.34 g (2.92 mmol) of sodium chloroacetate was calculated based on the amount of 2-methylphenol and placed into the flask along with 1 mL of water. The sodium chloroacetate solution was mixed until dissolved. The sodium chloroacetate solution was poured into the 2-methylphenol and NaOH solution after it was fully dissolved using a microscale funnel.

A twenty-five-year old Caucasian female presented to the office with burning with urination. External inspection of the patient’s labia majora revealed genital herpes. Herpes simplex virus infections associated with the genitals are usually deemed type two (Uphold & Graham, 2013). The patient was placed on acyclovir for her outbreak. The current dosage that she is being placed on is 400 mg orally every eight hours for ten days (Medscape, n.d.). There are no medication contraindications for this drug; however, one should not use neomycin orally due to an increase in nephrotoxicity and or otoxicity if the two are taken together (Medscape, n.d.). Other medications such as bacitracin and cidofovir should also not be used with acyclovir due to an increase in nephrotoxicity and or otoxicity if these are

Acetaminophen has been used for decades. In 1947 it was able to be bought by prescription only. Then in the 1960s it was then changed to be bought over the counter. It is one of the most commonly used analgesic-antipyretic medication for pediatrics and adults. The chemical name is N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP). There is more than 200 over the counter medications, prescriptions that has acetaminophen listed as the primary drug. According to the American Association of Poison Control Center, acetaminophen is the most common pharmaceutical that has intentional and unintentional poisoning and toxicity. The most common of NSAIDs is aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), it was put into modern medicine in 1899. Ibuprofen also known as Advil or Motrin, a

Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic drug used in over-the-counter and prescription medication (Raucy, Judy L.. Lasker, Jerome M.. Lieber, Charles S.. Black, Martin. 2004). The most common name associated with over-the-counter acetaminophen is the brand Tylenol, which many people use for pain relief and as a fever reducer. Prescription acetaminophen may be recognized as Percocet or Vicodin. This important drug is generally considered safe when used according to the directions provided on its labeling or according to a physician (U.S. Food and Drug Administration 2015). If acetaminophen is not taken following the instructions, anything from acute liver damage to death can occur.

Acetaminophen is an non-opioid analgesic while ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs). Acetaminophen is an equipotent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2, while ibuprofen is more selective for cyclooxygenase 1 than 2.

The patient is an eight-year old girl who is taking hydrocortisone, neomycin, and polymyxin eardrops for the diagnosis of a bacterial ear infection. The dose is 10mg (1%)/3.5mg (0.35%)/10000 units/10ml and was instructed to take this medication every six to eight hours with three drops in the affected ear. The medication has multiple classes since this medication contains multiple drugs. Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid medication that works to decrease inflammation within the ear. Neomycin and polymyxin are within the antibacterial class and work to combat infection. The combination of the drug helps to eliminate the bacteria within the ear; decrease pain, redness, and itching that were accompanying her bacterial

On the 18th November 2014, a 34 year old woman was admitted to Daisy Hill Hospital (DHH) in a hepatic encephalopathic state. She was referred by her GP with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, dyspnoea, weakness, a reduced urine output, PR bleeding and central and peripheral oedema. These symptoms began in July 2012 and have been ongoing to date. Medical records indicated that in May that year she had undergone a partial gastrectomy to treat a non-healing gastric ulcer. The patient also had a background history of excessive use of Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), which was suspected to have caused the gastric ulcer in May. Liver function and routine blood tests were requested with a serum drug overdose screen.

5-nitro-2,3-dihydroxydrophthalazine-1,4-dione was measured to 0.140 grams. 2ml of NaOH was added to the concial vile which turned the mixture rustic in color. Sodium hydrosulfate was measured to 0.2506 grams and added to the conical vile. The mixture became an even deeper red. 0.5 ml of water was then used to wash all the solid from the vile walls. As the conical was spun, white chunks were visible, so the heat was increased to a level of six rather than 5. After adding acetic acid, there was an orange layer that formed. There was a yellow layer on top of the orange layer. After stirring the conical vile, the mixture turned opaque and stayed orange. One the conical vile was cooled on ice for 10 minutes, the mixture became lighter.

Experiment 3: The preparation of acetaminophen (paracetamol) with thin layer chromatography (TLC) to monitor the reaction.

Subjectively, and in conjunction with reparative reasons, for this paper, I am choosing a very common over the counter for natural ailments such as sore head and inflammatory pain reliever and cold medicine. In contrast, it is usually found at many Walmart’s, and brands and brands of Pharmacies. Altogether, this drug gathers strength of sales from America’s woes with migraines and headaches for a medication blockbuster on the market. From across the nation, to around the world, it is one of the biggest pharmaceutical giants dominating the marketplace. There are numerous names some common such as acetaminophen, or in other world markets as known as paracetamol. The branded name by Johnson & Johnson is Tylenol and is a shortening of the chemists

Before the commencement of the practical, all necessary glassware and measurement tools were rinsed appropriately. The pipette was rinsed three times with vinegar solution, whereas the volumetric flask was rinsed three times with distilled water. 20mL of the vinegar solution was measured and transferred to the volumetric flask, where it was diluted with distilled water by filling the flask to the 200mL graduation line. A 20ml aliquot of the aforementioned solution was extracted from the volumetric flask via the volumetric pipette and subsequently transferred to the conical flask. Three drops of phenolphthalein indicator were then added. The burette was filled with the provided NaOH solution of 0.1M, with volume measurements taken from the bottom of the meniscus. The conical flask was placed under the burette, from which a rough titration of the vinegar solution began. Titrations halted once a permanent color change was visible in the conical flask. This process was repeated until three concordant titre values were obtained.

Begin by weighing a 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask and recording the result. Next, add approximately 2 g of salicylic acid to the Erlenmeyer flask. Then, record the new mass of the Erlenmeyer and the salicylic acid. Next, inside of the hood add 5 mL of acetic anhydride and 10 drops of 85% phosphoric acid. Stir the mixture with a stirring rod. Next, place the flask in a boiling water bath and stir until the solid dissolves. Next, remove the flask from the water bath and let it cool to room temperature. Then, add 20 drops of water to the flask. Next, add 25-mL of cold water to the flask and place it in an ice bath for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, to collect the Aspirin crystals, add a piece of filter paper to a Büchner filtration apparatus. Then, fit the funnel snuggly in the rubber washer of the filter flask. Next, turn on the water aspirator and pour the aspirin product slowly onto the center of the filter paper. Then, push down gently on the funnel to suction out the water from the aspirin product. After the crystals have formed on the filter paper, obtain a weight boat. Record the mass of the weight boat. Next, use a spatula to transfer the crystals onto the weigh boat. Then, after the crystals have dried, record the mass of the weight boat and aspirin product.

In this experiment, acetylsalicylic acid was synthesized from the acidification of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. The objective was to convert a specific amount of salicylic acid into the same amount of aspirin that was high in purity. Furthermore, the other objectives were to enable students to conduct the synthesis of aspirin, reinforce skills or recrystallisation and the technique of melting point determination. The amount of each compound should be the same because there is a 1:1 ratio between them. The purity of the synthesized aspirin was measured by determining its melting point and percent yield. Soluble impurities increase the range over which a compound melts and often decreases its overall melting point

Therefore, two acetic acids are combined to drive the reaction to completion. Since water is not produced in this reaction, the reverse reaction does not occur and more aspirin is produced. However, only 1.658 of the product was recovered due to error in retrieving all of the aspirin during the filtration of the crystals. This yielded a percent yield of 46%, which is understandable since the product may have not been completely produced thus yielding such a low percent yield. Also, the product may contain a lot of impurities hindering how much product there really is.