The normal psychology is the subject's ability to survive independently, to play a positive social role, to maintain itself, to have the discernment, and to be free. All these features are in our conception a way of socialization. Many scientists say that the progress of society has increased the complexity and the risk of social development, and it is obvious that the human personality cannot remain completely independent and that it always finds a sociocultural context or at least influential cause of social madness. Solving this dilemma is based on clarifying the notion of normal and pathological, both socially and individually. The psychoanalysis has gone through a lot of stress, challenge, strife, and divisions, but is seen regaining vitality and dignity through multiple theories which play an important role in social psychoanalysis by trying to apply the methods of individual psychoanalysis and knowledge to a complex of social neurosis. The most important representatives of this theory: are Herbert Marcuse, Harry Sullivan, Erich Fromm, and the great American psychologists Karen Horney, who brings a great contribution to psychology by initiating and animating the social psychoanalysis by using a philosophy based on growth oriented ideas, life and freedom. Karen Horney was born in 1885 in Hamburg, Germany from a Norwegian father, who was captain, and a Danish mother. She studies in Berlin at a German psychoanalytic institute, led by Karl Abraham. Here she met her
The Psychodynamic Model, developed by Sigmund Freud, views the cause of mental disorders as the result of childhood trauma, anxieties, and unconscious conflicts. According to Freud, human behavior tends to express instinctual drives that function at the unconscious level. These instinctual drives can be afflicted with sexual or aggressive impulses and any threatening experiences that we block from our consciousness which results in emotional symptoms.
Sigmund Freud and Carl Rogers are two extremely renowned individuals who have greatly contributed to the history of psychology. Their contributions are the foundation for the tools, techniques, and methodologies used by psychologist today. Although, each psychologist is from different times and developed different methods, they shared a passion for the workings of the human mind. As a result, their drive and foundation has motivated and prompted new theories and research for the future. This paper will provide a summary of two articles highlighting the processes contemporary psychologists use to develop the theories of Freud and Rogers. It also explains their views of human nature and worldviews as
Following the publication of Freud’s ‘Papers on Technique’ between 1912 and 1917, there have been papers and symposia on the subject. Four symposia in 1937, 1948, 1958, and 1961 were devoted to the examination of therapeutic results of psychoanalysis, the mechanisms behind its curative factors, variations in technique and the ego-psychological approach to interpretations (Rosenfeld, 1972, 454). In 1934, James Strachey published his paper on “The Nature of the Therapeutic Action of Psychoanalysis,” which has since been considered one of the most seminal works on the subject. He holds that his paper is “not a practical discussion upon psychoanalytic technique,” and that “it’s immediate bearings are theoretical” (Strachey, 1934, 127). However, as Herbert Rosenfeld points out in his 1972 critical appreciation of Strachey’s paper, “this is clearly an understatement; the paper both challenges one’s clinical experience and has important clinical implications even though actual case material is not quoted” (Rosenfeld, 1972, 454). It would not be difficult to summarize Strachey’s main points regarding therapeutic action and mutative interpretation, and it would prove similarly sterile to simply compare his ideas with the views of other psychoanalysts, contemporaneous and contemporary. Instead, as Strachey concerns himself primarily with the structural nature of mutative change, this paper will aim to delineate a more in-depth exploration of the way different structures of the
Psychoanalysis is an approach to psychology that was made well known as a way to bring for the unconscious to the conscious. It is theorized that the memories that we store in our unconscious affects us, and can cause neurotic behaviors. The approaches also include Analytical, Individual. Three people that worked on these theories are Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler. Each of these men approached psychoanalysis in both similar and individual ways, and have their own theories that will be further discusses within this essay.
"No matter how bad you think your condition is, there are always people who are worse off. " I got this comforting statement from the book, Conception of a Dialysis Patient, written by Fayton Hollington. In this memoir, the author recounts his experiences as a lupus and dialysis patient. Fayton's life has been full of challenges since the day he was diagnosed with lupus. Bit by bit, he takes his audience on a journey through the decades of his battles with chronic medical conditions.
Psychology explores human behavior and the human mental process figuring ways to improve the thinking and attitude of an individual’s existence. Sometimes, different techniques are used and tried to properly resolve the problem within the multitude of possible behavioral issues. Moreover, Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist, developed many theories, psychodynamic therapy, for clinically treating people with mental health problems through their unconscious mind; Then, Sigmund Freud’s theories or therapy, rather, diverged into other types of therapies such as Biological Psychology or Cognitive Psychology. No doubt, there are various perspectives, both strong and weak, in the field of Psychology using different techniques on different
The subject’s illness first manifested as paranoia and erratic behavior. While giving a lecture, the subject’s speech became incomprehensible, causing concern to colleagues and audience members. Due to the concern of loved ones, the subject was admitted a psychological hospital for a time period of one month. The subject was formally diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia (Nasar, 1994). According to 2the current version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000), paranoid schizophrenia is defined as a disorder in which a person 1is typically dominated by relatively stable, often paranoid, fixed beliefs that are either false, over-imaginative or unrealistic,
As an Occupational Therapist there are a number of things that can be used and considered while working. One perspective that would be useful when working with a patient is the psychoanalytic perspective. This is when, “people move through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations. How these conflicts are resolved determines the person’s ability to learn, to get along with others, and to cope with anxiety” (Berk, 2010, p.12). In this case as an Occupational Therapist I could use this perspective to see how the patients I work with adjust and cope with learning certain activities. This perspective along with the social learning theory where people learn through imitation or observational learning
What does a scholarship to The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Nursing mean to me? Well, it means just about everything. As a freshman in high school, I always dreamed of attending a world-renowned University. However, what I didn’t realize is that regardless the thousands of scholarship applications I applied to. I still did not have enough money to attend. After receiving my acceptance letters to some of the largest Universities in the state of Texas my world felt like it was falling apart. Despite, this minor setback, I decided to take the road less traveled and enroll into Lonestar College. What I did not realize is the opportunity I was going to receive when attending Lonestar. Just before I began Lonestar in the fall
Psychoanalysis is a form of therapy that has been used for years. It offers a way to investigate the unconscious elements of the mind as well as bring repressed memories back into the conscious mind. My German Question is a memoir written by an assimilated Jew that probes his childhood between the years of 1933-1939 in Nazi Germany. Throughout Peter’s experience in Nazi Germany, he used different tactics to try to cope with the trauma. Peter said “I had developed strategies for survival designed to keep me as sane as possible in the madhouse into which the accident of birth and the perversity of history had thrown me” (Gay, 94). These coping mechanisms included hobbies, such as watching sports and stamp collecting, as well as indulgences, such as chocolate and books from his parents’ locked cabinet full of sexually informative readings. However, Peter’s most commonly used method was psychoanalysis. He relied on the ideas of Sigmund Freud and psychology to try to comprehend his thoughts and feelings. Peter’s use of psychology to analyze his experience was a very effective approach to cope under brutal dictational rule.
Psychoanalysis is a therapy and also a theory which was produced by Sigmund Freud. This therapy stress that human behavior and emotion are unconsciously cause by their past experience and drive in the unconscious part and the client doesn’t know them. The therapist always uses this therapy to help the client understand more emotion and
Human beings are unique and individual in one way or another with different personality theories. Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Alder psychoanalytic theories about the human mind were very similar and different at the same time. To this day, attempts to prove the theories of these men are still taking place. All three of these men agreed that human behavior, as an adult, was a direct result of the individual's childhood experiences that would paint a lasting impression on the world around them. Freud, Jung, and Adler believed parenting and childhood development was the significant impact for shaping the personality. Dreaming and daydreaming played a major role in shaping character as well.
The psychoanalytic perspective, is the outlook that behavior and personality are effected by the conflict between one’s inner dreams n and expectation of society. Most of this conflict occurs in unconscious, which is outside the knowledge of an individual. Renowned psychologist, Freud established the psychoanalytic theory as an explanation for perplexed phenomena such as the meaning behind dreams, slips of the tongue, and behavioral reflex reactions to stressful situations. The unconscious is a primary focus in psychoanalytic theory due to its typical development in childhood and the ways in which it influences nearly every detail of an individual’s life. The unconscious mind also holds unvented memories and unexpressed urges that make their process into the conscious mind through a variety of different means. However, topographical theory of the mind states that conscious, preconscious, and unconscious serve as motivating forces in human behavior. Corsin & Wedding (2011) define the conscious as mental activity which individuals are fully aware of, preconscious as thoughts and feelings that could be easily brought to mind and unconscious as thoughts, feelings, and desires of which one is unaware of.
Psychoanalysis was the name given by Sigmund Freud to a system of interpretation and therapeutic treatment of psychological disorders. (McLeod, 2007) In particular, we present five key concepts on psychoanalytic therapy: structure of personality, psychosexual stages, defense mechanism, anxiety, and the unconscious mind.
Psychoanalysis is a form of psychotherapy that aids an individual in determining the underlying cause of deep rooted psychological troubles when other approaches have not been successful in alleviating those troubles. This approach is better suited for those issues that have been plaguing an