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Biology Chapter 19

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Chapter 19 Review Questions
1. Reviewing the 5 WBCs
2. The formed elements of the blood include: WBCs, RBCs, and platelets
3. Blood temperature is approximately ________, and blood pH averages __________. 38 degrees C, 7.4 pH
4. Plasma contributes approximately _______ percent of the volume of whole blood, and water accounts for ______ percent of the plasma volume. 55 percent, 92 percent
5. Serum is: Plasma minus fibrinogen
6. A hemoglobin molecule is composed of: Four protein chains and four heme groups
7. The process of homeostasis is as follows: Vascular spasm, Platelet phase, Coagulation, Retraction, Fibrinolysis
8. Stem cells responsible for lymphopoiesis are located in: All of the above options, the thymus and …show more content…

14. Which kinds of WBCs contribute to the body’s nonspecific defenses? Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, and Monocytes function in nonspecific defenses.
15. Which three classes of lymphocytes are the primary cells of the lymphoid system? What are the functions of each class? Primary lymphocytes are 1)T cells, responsible for cell-mediated immunity, 2)B cells, responsible for humoral immunity, and 3)Natural Killer cells, responsible for immune surveillance.
16. What are the three functions of platelets during the clotting process? Platelets 1)Transport chemicals important to clotting, 2)Form a temporary patch in the walls of damaged blood vessels, and 3)Actively contract after the clot has formed.
17. What four conditions cause the release of erythropoietin? Erythropoietin is released 1)During anemia, 2)When blood flow to the kidneys declines, 3)When oxygen content of the air in the lungs declines, and 4)When the respiratory surfaces of the lungs are damaged.
18. What contribution from the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways is necessary for the common pathway to begin? Initiation of the common pathway requires the activation of Factor X and the formation of prothrombinase by the extrinsic and or intrinsic pathways.

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