The purposed of this investigation was to performed activities and interpret results on different tests such as Benedict’s test, Iodine test, Biuret test, Paper test on various foods such as banana, coconut milk, whole milk, peanut and potato as to what type of macromolecules (sugar, protein, starch, lipid) they have. I have come to a conclusion that when a reagent (Benedict’s reagent, Iodine reagent, Biuret reagent) was mixed with any type of solution, there is a reaction/ effect that takes in place once there is a presence of any type of macromolecule.
INTRODUCTION:
In this laboratory, we will study three classes of the largest biological molecules, called macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins. The simplest form of
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I would also consider that potato, coconut milk peanut and banana will have starch in them. Lastly, I really think that banana, coconut milk, peanut and whole milk will have the presence of lipids in them. Are these really the case? After completing these exercises, we will come to a conclusion as to what type of macromolecules these foods may have.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
For exercise one-Carbohydrates: Activity A, which were Monosaccharides and Dissacharides, Benedict 's reagent was used as a general test for small sugars. For detecting small sugars using Benedict 's test, two tubes with label one and label two was used. Dropped one dropperful of glucose into tube one which was the positive control. Dropped one dropperful of water into tube two for the negative control. Dropped two dropperfuls of Benedict’s reagent to each tube. Placed both tubes in the heat block for five minutes. Analyzed and recorded the results.
For exercise one- Carbohydrates: Activity B, starch was tested with the used of iodine reagent. Two tubes that was labeled one and two was used in this activity. Dropped a dropperful of starch solution in tube one which was the positive control. Dropped a dropperful of water into tube two for the negative control. Dropped three to four drops of iodine reagent into each tube. Analyzed and recorded the results.
For exercise two- Lipids: Paper test was used in this activity to indicate the presence of lipids in various
The purpose of this lab was to test different substances using various procedures to see what biomolecules were present and ultimately find out what restaurant Anna Lyza had eaten at before she died. For the first control test, we used vegetable oil to test for lipids. So, if the solution does not contain lipids, it does not become translucent when placed onto a paper bag square and held up to a light. So, it is a negative result. However, in the presence of lipids, the solution will become translucent when placed onto a paper bag square and held up to a light. Therefore in this case, the result is positive. On the other hand, we used albumin egg to test for proteins in another control test. If the solution does not contain proteins, it will not experience any color change and so it is a negative result. When there are proteins existing in the solution, it will turn bluish/purplish and for this reason it is a positive result. Furthermore in the third control test, we used dextrose to test for simple carbohydrates such as glucose. If the solution does not contain simple carbohydrates, it will not undergo any color change and will remain a blue color. So, it is a negative result in this circumstance. If there are simple carbohydrates present in the solution, the solution will turn reddish and so the result is positive. For the last control test, we used starch solution to test
The iodine test is used to identify glycogen and starch. These polysaccharides combine with iodine to
The purpose of this experiment was to find out the nutrient content of unidentified food samples and to use chemical reagents to see if the unidentified foods for sugar, starch, protein and fat (lipid) content. After comparing the color changes in each unknown substance then you will be able to see the amount of sugar, starch, protein or fat there is in the unknown substance.
a. Proteins- macromolecules made of amino acids. Proteins have many functions in the body. Some sources of proteins are whole-grain cereals, dark breads,rice, beans, and meat.
7)a) You would do the Benedict’s reagent test for simple sugars and the Lugol’s solution or Iodine test for polysaccharides and starch. To test the lipids you would use the Sudan iV test and Biurets reagent test for protein.
Analysis: In this experiment, every substance tested positive for at least 1 organic compound. Corn oil tested positive for lipids. Honey and oats tested positive for starch. Honey, apple juice, and unknown 1 tested positive for sugar. Egg white, gelatin, and unknown 2 all tested positive for proteins. So, not a single substance didn't test positive for at least 1 organic compound. All the indicators used in this experiment change color when in the presence of a compound; therefore, they chemically react with the compound. No errors were made during this experiment
A macromolecule can be any of a general selection of molecules, such as: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and
2.List whether each of the following substances was positive or negative for reducing sugar, as indicated by the Benedict's test. (6 points)
Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates are the four basic macromolecules. Each of these macromolecules are made up of smaller components that determine the specific macromolecule and how it functions.
There are four types of biomolecules, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are large chains of sugar found in food and living tissues. This includes sugars, starch, and cellulose. They have the same ratio of hydrogen and oxygen that water has, 2:1. They are broken down to release energy in the animal body. Lipids are any organic compounds that are fatty acids and don’t dissolve in water but do in organic solvents. Fatty acids can be found in natural oils, waxes, and steroids. Proteins are macromolecules that do everything in the cell. They are tools and machines that make things happen. Nucleic acids are long strands of nucleotides, and function primarily in storage and transmission of genetic information. There are two types of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA. DNA is the genetic material of all cellular organisms, and RNA sends out messages from the information that is held in the DNA.
Solutions and color reaction for Benedict’s test for reducing sugars and 2 iodine test for starch
For the second step of the experiment, the same procedure as above was repeated. Except, before eating, twenty minutes of light exercise (“LE”) was performed. Glucose levels were taken before, ten minutes through, and after the twenty minutes was reached. Light exercise can vary from arm curls, brisk walking, jogging, or walking stairs. For this particular study,
During the Benedict's test, the contents of tube B did not change, indicating the absence of sugar in that particular substance. However, the contents of tube A did change orange indicating the presence of sugar in that substance. During the Lugol's test, the content of tube A did not change dark purple indicating the absence of starch in that substance However, the content of tube B changed to dark purple
*Table #3shows the results of iodine test on the given 12 samples, in which 2 are indicated positive: sample #7, the glycogen solution, and sample #8, the starch solution. The two can also be considered as positive controls for this section.
Iodine was used to test for the presence of starch, remaining yellow for its negative control and becoming a blue-black colour if a reaction occurred;