A Research Study On The Nature Of Interdependence

Domestic violence perpetrators that become involved in the criminal justice system are overwhelmingly male offenders between the ages of 18 and 35 years old. Data from studies conducted in the United States have revealed that a significant amount of male abusers have had some type of previous contact with the criminal justice system. It should be noted that this contact includes positive and negative encounters. Since abusers come from all walks of life, they can be respected law-abiding members of their communities or unpopular individuals with a criminal history. There are no set standards or explicit personality traits that wholly identify abusers. However, researchers have identified certain indicators and risk factors that may predispose one to become an abuser (U.S. Department of Justice, 2009).

According to Alanna Vaglonos, (“30 Shocking Domestic Violence Statistics That Remind Us it’s an Epidemic”), “Domestic violence is the third leading cause of homelessness among families”. This statistic demonstrates that staying in an abusive relationship may be a person’s only option due to economic dependency. A victim may be afraid to leave if they have no other place to go and their only way to avoid homelessness is to stay with their abuser. Each abusive relationship is different and the factors causing the person to stay is different for each

As stated in Preventing Violence in America, social exchange theory suggests that individual’s trade emotions for other emotions (Hampton, Jenkins, Gullotta, 1996, pp. 24) thus, partners focus on the positive results and negative results of their relationships such as social rewards, materialistic glam, and opportunities. Domestic violence in this stage is connected to commitment, people are willing to comprise and stay

I thought to myself why would you continue to stay in an abusive relationship for so long. Some people (victim or perpetrator) believe abuse is normal; they grew up in abusive homes. Some individuals stay in abusive relationships for financial support. “Violence perpetrated against women by a male intimate partner is 10 times more likely than violence perpetrated against men by a female intimate partner”. I would like to learn methods that people can use to prevent a violent relationship, and if there are any psychological correlation on why people decide to stay in those unhealthy relationships.

A victim’s mind does not enter into an abusive relationship the same as it, hopefully escapes. Most people are familiar with the honeymoon stage of a new relationship, the excitement, infatuation and methodical self-disclosure that most, if not all people experience and engage in. The gradualism of an abusive relationship is one critical piece of a frightening puzzle.

Involving education, Black women had some form of college education while Hispanic women were mostly high school graduates. Most of the Black women participants (two-thirds) were employed, while Hispanic women had a less than half who were employed. For income levels, Hispanic women made less than $5,000 dollars annually in comparison to Black women only earning 10,000 annually (Lacey, 2010, p.673). Regarding socioeconomic status, income was a significant factor for Hispanic women’s decision to either leave or stay in the relationship with those who earned a higher salary. With relationship investment for Black women, mostly married women stayed with their abuser. Also, Black women who lived in homes that occupied two or more adults stayed in violent relationships more than those who stayed in homes with fewer adults. Lastly, for psychological abuse, both Black and Hispanic women tended to leave violent relationships when they have experienced different forms of psychological abuse, particularly with cursing and being shouted at (Lacey, 2010, p. 673). Overall, a majority of Black and Hispanic that were abused did not leave their abuser when conducted the study and Black women had a higher rate of staying in violent relationships than Hispanic

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health problem in youth and young adults. Serious short- and long-term consequences of IPV, coupled with high prevalence, have driven researchers to formulate theoretical frameworks to explain why individuals engage in abusive behaviors toward their partners.

This article comes from the Journal of Interpersonal Violence. The title of the article is A Comparison of Women of Color and Non-Hispanic White Women on Factors Related to Leaving a Violent Relationship. This study compares women of color and non-Hispanic White women regarding the influence of socioeconomic status, family investment, and psychological abuse on leaving a violent relationship. Women of color and non-Hispanic White women did not differ in their length or rate of leaving, although women of color left more frequently when they did leave. Women of color with higher socioeconomic status were less likely to leave, which was not the case for non-Hispanic White women.

A relationship is formed when there is a mental connection creating a bond between two people. There are multiple types of relationships that being said, a relationship between two people can have different meanings. Although relationships come in different types, it’s important to understand that all relationships have boundaries that must be acknowledged. In this paper, I will cover healthy vs. unhealthy relationships. I will discuss factors followed by a unhealthy relationships and what triggers the perpetrator to act on domestic violence and the reasons why victims (women) choose to stay. I will also go into detail on how culture has an impact when making decisions regarding a marriage. Finally, I will wrap up with health concerns that women may encounter due to verbal, physical, and emotional violence. Other concerns that need to be considered when in a relationships that goes unhealthy will also be covered. My reason for choosing this topic is the amount of interest I have in learning more about severe conditions relating to relationships. Often times I see and hear about people in relationships that are more of a threat in their life rather than a partner and continue to remain that way.

The entrapment model suggests that staying in an abusive relationship is a way to justify "past effort and time devoted to the relationship" (Strube, 1988). The investment model challenges that the more time, effort, money, emotion, etc. invested into a relationship the longer one devotes to staying in the relationship even when intimate partner violence is frequent. The hypotheses were that women more subjectively invested in baseline data would be especially likely to engage in relationship sacrifices following Intimate Partner Violence. These findings were not supported by the results. The second hypotheses were that women in the long term dating relationship were more likely to engage in relationship sacrifices following Intimate Partner Violence. This proved to be accurate. Researchers suggest that the results may not be generalized to the general population because of the lack of ethnicity and the small severity of abuse occurring.

Every choice that an abused woman considers to do with regards in seeking help or ending the relationship involves a variety of risks. Time and time again, the common question arises, “why doesn’t she just leave?” Most often abused women, at great and potentially fatal risk, do leave their abusive relationships. However, there is a multitude of barriers, including increasing abuse and the potential for re-victimization by the system that does not respond accordingly, and most often force many women to return to their abusers. A woman may become vulnerable as she goes through the stages of leaving her abuser. There are many reasons why a woman becomes vulnerable; guilt, denial, and fear may be among a few reasons, though no matter what the

Some women take the position that “hope springs eternal” for people in love and they shouldn’t be held accountable for the abusive spousal choices they make. That is precisely the kind of romantic notion that men and women cling to and use to seduce them into staying in relationships in which there is abundant evidence that they should leave. Often friends and parents try to intervene but when “hope springs eternal” obvious dangers are overlooked, denied and women tell themselves something like, “If I just love him enough, he’ll change.” Battered men usually say exactly the same things. “What is needed in situations of verbal and physical abuse and danger is not romantic fantasy but a critical and self-protective assessment of the facts followed by a decision based on those facts”(Walker 17).

Every year in the United States, One in four women are victims of the domestic violence; however, this is only based on what has been reported to the department of justice (Stahly 2008). While men are also victims of domestic violence, women are more often the victims. Moreover, 90% of domestic violence is male initiated. In severe cases domestic violence ends with victims being murdered. More specifically, domestic violence resulted in 2,340 deaths in the United States in 2007, and 70% of those killed were females (CDC 2012). Many people think that victims have the option of leaving and many people blame victims for putting up with the abuse; what many people don 't know is, victims of domestic violence have many reasons preventing them from leaving their abusers, these reasons include, isolation, having children bounding them with the abuser and lack of financial support. "It 's never pretty when you leave an abusive and controlling relationship. The warden always protests when a prison gets shut down," says Dr. Steve Maraboli (qtd from web). Whether a victim stays or leaves their abuser, the outcomes of both situations are not always as easy as many people predict. In some situations, the outcomes of leaving may be very dangerous for both the victim and her children.

Interdependence is mutual reliance between two or more groups. This concept differs from the reliance in a dependent relationship, where some members are dependent and some are not. Interdependent relationship, participants are emotionally, ecologically and morally reliant on and responsible to each other. There are four levels of interdependence in an organizational structure. The levels are pooled interdependence, sequential interdependence, reciprocal interdependence, and comprehensive interdependence.

According to The National Domestic Violence Hotline, the abused stay in domestic relationships due to fear, embarrassment, low self-esteem, love, and believing that the abuse is normal. For me, these are all true.