Glossary
Agar- A sea weed used as solidifying agent in microbial culture.
Bacillus: A group of bacteria those are rod-shaped.
Bacteria: Includes prokaryotes that are not members of the domain Archaea.
Biochemical reactions: Study of microbially mediated chemical transformations of substrate, e.g. carbon, nitrogen or sulfur cycling.
Coccus (plural: cocci): Rounded or spherical shaped bacteria.
Colony: An aggregate of bacterial cells on a solid medium that is visible to the naked eye.
Definitive identification: A valid identification of a microorganism to genus and species.
Dichotomy (Adjective-Dichotomous: a separation into two divisions that differ widely from or contradict each other
Differential medium: A medium which is used to differentiate different types of microorganisms based on their different colors or shapes of colonies.
Enzyme: A protein functioning as a catalyst in living organisms, which promotes specific reactions or groups of reactions.
Genus (plural genera): The first name of the scientific name (binomial); the taxon between family and species.
Gram-negative: Bacterium (prokaryotic cell) whose cell wall stains pink (negative) in Gram’s stain.
Gram-positive: Bacterium (prokaryotic cell) whose cell wall stains purple (positive) in Gram stain.
Inoculation: adding microbes to a culture using aseptic techniques
Incubation: growing organisms under controlled environment
Medium (plural media): Any liquid or solid materials which is prepared for the growth,
Enzymes are known as protein catalysts. The name protein catalyst suggests that most enzymes are made of proteins. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. (Giuseppe, M 2002, p.69). After a reaction has been catalyzed, the catalyst can be used again to catalyze the same reaction. Enzymes reduce the activation energy (minimal energy) it takes for a reaction to take place. Enzymes can either catabolize (destroy), or anabolize (build up) a chemical system.
Enzymes are biological catalysts, which speed up the rate of reaction without being used up during the reaction, which take place in living organisms. They do this by lowering the activation energy. The activation energy is the energy needed to start the reaction.
An enzyme is a protein that acts as a catalyst to form reaction, and see the activity of the
Anatomical Evidence – evidence relating to the structures of organisms and how they have evolved over time and might share a common ancestry.
Enzyme = any one of many specialized organic substances, composed of polymers of amino acids, that act as catalysts to regulate the speed of the many chemical reactions involved in the metabolism of living organisms. (Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia '99.)
Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts during a biochemical process. Catalysts are non-changing enzymes that can increase or decrease activation energy to accelerate or slow down a biochemical reaction without using additional energy.
Bacteria are small, unicellular prokaryotic microbes. They have many morphologies, which include rod-shaped, spherical, spirals, helices, stars, cubes, and clubs. Classification of bacteria begins with either aerobic (requiring diatomic oxygen for growth) or anaerobic (not requiring O2 for growth). Bacteria can simply be narrowed down to gram positive (organism that stains purple or blue by Gram stain) or gram negative (organism that stains red or pink by Gram stain). Many physical and nutritional factors influence bacterial growth. Physical factors include temperature (psychrophiles, thermophiles, and mesophiles), pH (neutrophiles, acidophiles, and alkalinophiles), O2 concentration (aerobic
Please read over this section. Differential media usually distinguish or differentiate different species of bacteria based on the color of the individual colonies or the areas surrounding them.
Microbial cultures - means cultures that resulted from a process where pathogens were intentionally isolated.
Enzyme, a protein that catalyses a specific reaction. ‘Living cells contain thousands of different enzymes’ (Elliott, p.214), each of which catalyses (that is, accelerates without itself being changed) just one kind of reaction. In some of these reactions, small organic molecules such as amino acids, sugars, nucleotides, and lipids are broken down to provide energy for the cell. In other reactions, small molecules are built into complex macromolecules, such as proteins, DNA, RNA, and polysaccharides, or used to carry signals, or to control cell movements or gene expression. Enzyme-catalysed
1b. Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. A catalyst is something that speeds up a reaction without changing its form. Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. The activation energy of a
An enzyme is a catalyst. Catalysts are known for speeding up the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy of the biochemical reaction. (Reece et al., 2011)
RESERVOIR: they are places the microorganisms reside, thrive through your body,and to reproduce in such foods, water, toilet seat, elevator buttons, human feces, respiratory secretions
In this bacteria growth lab, students from Mrs. Bronson’s biology class collected bacteria samples from around the school and grew them in petri dishes filled with agar which were prepared one day before in advance with the expectation that after one week, distinct bacterial colonies will grow larger in numbers so that the human can see them. These single-celled prokaryotes were grown on agar as it is easy to culture and grow bacterial colonies in nutrient agar, a gelatin-like substance with a semi solid surface on which bacteria can grow and reproduce quickly while consuming added nutrients in the agar mixture. The petri dishes were then incubated for a period of one week, so that students can examine the significant bacterial growth and compare observations of various samples collected by students.
The modern day taxonomy is heavily based off of Aristotle’s methods of classification of animals. Admittedly, the word taxonomy comes from the ancient Greek word “Taxis”, which means arrangement, and “Nomia”, which means method. Not only was he the pioneer in the this certain scientific study, but also had he made further contributions in many other scientific fields. With all these major works of science compiled by Aristotle, he should be a major figurehead in the sciences; however, despite the aforementioned facts, if one were to be questioned about who was Aristotle, the first thought most people would respond with is that Aristotle was a great Philosopher. With these wondrous discoveries and studies done in the fields of science by ancient philosophers, it is particularly evident that philosophy and science are two eminently close-knitted and harmonious subjects in the past. Philosophy had been the first spark of thought that was later ignited by the experiments and proofs of science. After all, the nature of these two subjects are remarkably alike.