A Study On Bias And Selection Bias

Implicit bias plays a significant role in today’s society, whether the members realize it or not. The online Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy says,” ‘Implicit bias’ is a term of art referring to a relatively unconscious and relatively automatic features of prejudiced judgement and social behavior” (Brownstein 2015). Implicit biases are often based on stereotypes. Stereotypes, as defined by OpenStax, are “oversimplified ideas about groups of people” (OpenStax College 2015:248). Implicit biases can be problematic for many reasons. One way implicit biases are troublesome is due to the fact that it is unconscious, so it is usually out of a person’s control. People are often unaware of their own and how they use it. A very common way implicit biases are seen in society is through discrimination. Discrimination is defined as “prejudiced action against a group of people” (OpenStax College 2015:248). If a man and a woman are considered as potentials for being hired, the employer may have an implicit bias either towards or against men or women influencing them to hire one over the other based on their gender. This exemplifies a modern concern of gender discrimination as well. Implicit biases can come in many forms from gender, race, weight, sexuality, and many more. These factors can influence an individual’s treatment of others if they have significant bias. In society, these implicit biases can negatively influence minority and other groups and lead to inequality.

It has been thoroughly thought over what current topic or issue that people experience in most environments today, at both a micro and macro level that would be able to be examined and have come to the decision of looking at the most widely discussed subject, prejudice. All people are affected by prejudice in one way or another and it can impact on people's lives depending on what form it has taken. Also to be able to acknowledge that all people can be prejudices and see this is the first step to overcoming it.. The question that has been decided upon is that of “What types of prejudice do we see commonly today and how do they affect an individual at a micro and macro level?”

In this article by Mantsios, we are told how the media holds a negative bias towards those impoverished. One such example is the choice of words for similar acts with wealthy individuals being ‘chemically dependent’ on a particular substance while a poverty-stricken one would simply be a ‘drug addict’. When the poor are to be addressed, it is usually through the eyes of how they inconvenience the middle-class. An example being the homeless veteran panhandling for enough food to live on outside of a store, causing an annoyance to he who owns the store. A picture is painted of how the middle class is a victim of a crime being committed against ‘us’ by minorities rather than the exploitation of labor from the upper-class. All of this information

Deflate-gate is an instance where I had a biased viewpoint. This is when, in the AFC championship two years ago, the Patriots defeated the Colts. It was found that the balls, that the Patriot’s offense was playing with were underinflated. The news caused an uproar for months to come. The main controversy was if Tom Brady was involved or not, and I immediately thought that he wasn’t.

Every year, college football fans become engrossed with the weekly rankings released after the weekend’s games. Unsurprisingly, the standings often attract much criticism when a team is not placed as high as the fans feel it should be. Three of the most well-known ranking systems, based on algorithms as well as voting, include the Associated Press Poll, the Coaches Poll, and the College Football Playoff rankings. Often, there are discrepancies between each of these polls and fans are quick to make claims of bias when one poll ranks their team lower, or a rival team higher. However, in some cases, the bias claims are not necessarily false. Due to the nature of the polling system, a certain level of bias is simply unavoidable, and a more effective ranking system can only attempt to minimize this bias.

A social bias is a prejudice attitude aimed at a particular race, culture, ethnic group, religion, or sexual orientation. People with limited vision often form negative opinions toward a group of people without knowing who they are. People have to be careful with the thought process because it can lead him or her to make a judgmental statement toward an individual, or a group of individuals, without the person realizing that the statement or comment was prejudicial. In this paper the concept of social biases,

It is reasonable to argue that, over the last century or so, the United States has made great strides in addressing issues of injustice. Feminism, the Civil Rights movement, and activism from gay men and women have transformed laws and greatly changed the ways in which these populations were once perceived as inferior. There are still major conflicts regarding race relations, just as issues remain with other minorities and women's rights. At the same time, there has been remarkable progress, indicating a nation more aware of its ethical obligation to treat all equally. To some extent, this same awareness goes to the disabled. Unfortunately, this is a population still very much victimized by bias, and because

Bias is something every person has; It is the inclination to feel prejudice towards a certain person, subject, or thing. On a personal level, bias affects just about everything a person could encounter, or has yet to encounter in their lifetime. There are two main types of biases people can have; Cognitive bias involves topics such as social attribution or memory errors, that are quite common and have a wide range of effects on how humans perceive things. The other type of bias is called social biases, or sometimes referred to as attributional bias. Attributional biases affect our everyday social interactions, and has a strong impact on people when trying to assess their own and others behaviors.

They are also advantageous in that they are much more cheaper than other studies as the data’s have already been collected and are able to to analyse and determine multiple outcomes (Mann, 2003). That is because, the collection of data is mainly the aspect that requires the use of resources. Furthermore, retrospective cohort studies also an advantage for the absence of bias as the current interest of the study was not the interest when the data was collected (Mann, 2003). Therefore, researcher bias is for the most part

My data input from taking the hidden bias test states that I have a slight automatic preference for European Americans compared to African Americans. In conclusion, I would have to disagree with the results, because I personally feel that I have little to no automatic preference toward either race. Moreover, I do not set specific preferences because I view everyone equally and rightfully so. Therefore, I do not use racial preferences with people whom I associate and interact with in my life.

The confirmation bias is the tendency to search for information that confirms our ideas and beliefs. This arises from our eargences to get a good solution. Often times most peopel seek evidence that supports thier ideas more readily than they search for facts that might refute them. Karen for example is using examples from the past regarding the election and who has won to demonstarte that her brother will win. "Karen your can't be serious. What about the issues, such as school poilces and procedures?" "Those issues don't matter. Regina Hoyt won becauseh she was populr last year. The only real issue is popularoty." This is an example of how Karen is searching for information that confirms her ideas that he brother will win the election because

To provide high quality and equitable care, it is important that health care providers reduce and become aware of their biases. Biases can be divided into those under conscious control, explicit biases, and those that are held at an unconscious level, implicit biases (Doyle). We have made great strides with reducing explicit bias by banning discrimination and reducing prejudice, but we need to continue working towards reducing and becoming aware of our implicit biases. In reflecting on my own implicit biases, I have become aware that my implicit biases can negatively affect my ability to deliver high quality patient care in the future by impacting my relationship with patients, increasing the probability of misdiagnosis, and influencing treatment

After 3 weeks of keeping a journal of my bias’s I have found I can now reflect on the process. I must say I am somewhat surprised with the outcome. I have found new bias’s I never knew I had or never took the time to think that I had. I also reflected on biases that I knew I had. When it comes down to it, everyone has biases about something. So saying that you do not have a bias or denying would just be a lie.

Observational epidemiology is a study of disease where “the investigator ascertains exposure and outcome without assignment to an intervention” Observational studies have made important contributions to the knowledge and understanding of health-related conditions. These studies usually involve a large group of individuals as in a community. The purpose of this type of study is to determine the

4.How much objective according to your thoughts, most of the recruiters are in the selection and recruitment process? Please rate your selection from 1 to 10, with 1 indicating ‘Not at all’, and 10 indicating ‘Totally’.