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Essay On Advancement In Si-Microprocessor

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Advancement in Si-microprocessor due to changing device structure and design

1. Introduction

This paper deals with technological and structural design changes that are bringing the microprocessor to an extremely higher level. We will see how SOI technology has revolutionized the way chips were being made. These Si-microprocessors has made our life extremely sophisticated and it has seen a thousand fold increase since their invention. Focus nowadays is primarily on how reduce heat generation, power consumption and its size and increase its output power. The main concern of the designers is parallelism, reliability, structural optimization preferably better synergy etc.

2. Evolution of Microprocessor

With the coming of Moore’s Law in …show more content…

MOS transistors are power efficient, economical and much. The advantage to MOS technology is the chips can be built a lot smaller and are cheaper to manufacture.
Future scaling of the bulk MOS structure is a challenge. Leakage through the gate oxide limits physical oxide thickness scaling and will drive high-k gate material adoption. Sub-threshold leakage current continues to increase. Experimental devices with a gate length of 15nm will enable chips with more than one billion transistors by 2050. Novel transistor structures are being explored and bulk CMOS transistor scaling is expected to continue.

2.2 Interconnect Scaling

Chip interconnect increasingly becomes the very significant in microprocessor designs with the advances in lithography and decrease feature size and transistor delay. Spacing resulting from process scaling as well as narrow metal lines increase interconnects delay. Low-k materials such as fluorine-doped SiO2 and low resistivity copper metallization and are employed to reduce the worsening interconnect scalability.
In longer run, different chip interconnect topology is needed to sustain performance growth rates the transistor density.
When thousands to millions of transistors packed into a small piece of silicon it is called chip. The transistors are wired together to perform a specific function. Three of the most common kind of chips includes microprocessors, memory and logic chips. Performance of a computer is greatly determined

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